Methods and apparatuses for radio communication. The method comprises: transmitting first information that characterizes at least one quality associated with a downlink channel received by a radio terminal; and transmitting second information that characterizes a present or future environmental situation of a physical entity that is associated with the radio terminal.

Message faults are inevitable in the high-throughput environment of 5G and planned 6G. Retransmissions are costly in time and resources, while generating extra backgrounds and interference. Therefore, methods are disclosed for recovering a faulted message by identifying and correcting each mis-demodulated message element. The faulted message elements generally have substantially lower modulation quality than the correctly demodulated elements, and can be identified by determining the modulation quality of each received message element. If the number of faulted message elements is small, the receiver may correct them using a grid search tested by an associated error-detection code. If the number of faults exceeds a predetermined threshold, the receiver can request a retransmission, and then assemble a merged copy of the message by selecting the message element with the best modulation quality from each version. Substantial time and resources may be saved, and reliable communication may be restored despite poor reception.

In current practice, faulted messages are typically discarded and a retransmission is requested. Forward error-correction codes (FEC) in 5G and 6G are bulky, resource-expensive, and often unable to resolve the problem. Disclosed are systems and methods for determining which specific message elements are faulted, so that just the faulted portion can be retransmitted, instead of the entire message. For example, the amplitudes of the I and Q branches, of each message element, can be compared to the calibrated amplitude levels of the modulation scheme. Any message element with a large amplitude deviation is suspect. Other factors, such as the SNR, can also be considered in evaluating the validity of each message element. Usually, all of the faulted message elements occupy just a portion of the message. Compact formats are disclosed specifying which portion of the message is to be retransmitted, thereby saving time, power, and background generation.

Techniques for improved wireless reliability are provided. Data is transmitted to a client device using a first set of retry parameters. It is determined that the client device is an augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) device, and a second set of retry parameters is determined, where the second set of retry parameters are more robust than the first set of retry parameters. Data is transmitted to the client device using the second set of retry parameters.

The present disclosure provides techniques for rate adaptation under congestion and latency constraints. The approaches described herein focus on aspects of latency, reliability, and power consumption instead of the traditional aspect of throughput. In an example, a method for rate adaptation is disclosed. The method may include determining whether to transmit a new packet or a retry packet. The method may also include reducing a maximum rate for a rate search in response to determining to transmit the retry packet. The method may further include transmitting the retry packet based on the reduced maximum rate.

Message faults are inevitable in the high-throughput environment of 5G and planned 6G. Retransmissions are costly in time and resources, while generating extra backgrounds and interference. Therefore, methods are disclosed for recovering a faulted message by identifying and correcting each mis-demodulated message element. The faulted message elements generally have substantially lower modulation quality than the correctly demodulated elements, and can be identified by determining the modulation quality of each received message element. If the number of faulted message elements is small, the receiver may correct them using a grid search tested by an associated error-detection code. If the number of faults exceeds a predetermined threshold, the receiver can request a retransmission, and then assemble a merged copy of the message by selecting the message element with the best modulation quality from each version. Substantial time and resources may be saved, and reliable communication may be restored despite poor reception.

A Quality of Experience (QoE) optimization system and method are provided. An electronic device inputs key performance indicators (KPIs) and system control parameters collected from a core network, a base station and a user equipment (UE) into a QoE optimization model. The QoE optimization model then optimizes the system control parameters based on the KPIs and a user QoE fed back from the UE to output optimized system control parameters. Furthermore, a strategy emulator controls at least one of a base station emulator and a UE emulator, so as to emulate the QoE optimization model using the at least one of the base station emulator and the UE emulator. Non-real-time optimization adjustments to the QoE optimization model are made based on the result of the emulation performed by the at least one of the base station emulator and the UE emulator.

In current practice, faulted messages are typically discarded and a retransmission is requested. Forward error-correction codes (FEC) in 5G and 6G are bulky, resource-expensive, and often unable to resolve the problem. Disclosed are systems and methods for determining which specific message elements are faulted, so that just the faulted portion can be retransmitted, instead of the entire message. For example, the amplitudes of the I and Q branches, of each message element, can be compared to the calibrated amplitude levels of the modulation scheme. Any message element with a large amplitude deviation is suspect. Other factors, such as the SNR, can also be considered in evaluating the validity of each message element. Usually, all of the faulted message elements occupy just a portion of the message. Compact formats are disclosed specifying which portion of the message is to be retransmitted, thereby saving time, power, and background generation.

An improved way is disclosed for recovering a message by merging two corrupted copies of the message in 5G or 6G. Message faults, from noise or interference, distort the modulation of one or more message elements. In a modulation scheme of amplitude-modulated quadrature (I and Q) signals, noise can change the amplitude values, which results in demodulation faults. Often the reception is so poor that a retransmission of the message is also faulted. Nevertheless, the receiver can recover the correct message by measuring a modulation quality of each message element, and assembling a merged message from the best-quality message elements of the two copies. The modulation quality depends on the message element's amplitude versus the calibrated amplitude levels of the modulation scheme. By selecting the individual message elements from the two faulted copies, based on the modulation quality, users can obtain better reception at longer distances while expending less power.

An improved way is disclosed for recovering a message by merging two corrupted copies of the message in 5G or 6G. Message faults, from noise or interference, distort the modulation of one or more message elements. In a modulation scheme of amplitude-modulated quadrature (I and Q) signals, noise can change the amplitude values, which results in demodulation faults. Often the reception is so poor that a retransmission of the message is also faulted. Nevertheless, the receiver can recover the correct message by measuring a modulation quality of each message element, and assembling a merged message from the best-quality message elements of the two copies. The modulation quality depends on the message element's amplitude versus the calibrated amplitude levels of the modulation scheme. By selecting the individual message elements from the two faulted copies, based on the modulation quality, users can obtain better reception at longer distances while expending less power.