A signal processing method of a semiconductor device, the method including: receiving a first digital code of a first digital signal; generating a constraint vector; masking the first digital code with a transmitting mask based on the constraint vector; and outputting the masked first digital code and a Data Bus Inversion (DBI) bit of the mask.

A method of modulating an optical camera communication (OCC) signal by an OCC transmission node in an OCC system includes acquiring a binary data signal, grouping the binary data signal for every k bits to convert the binary data signal into a global phase shift signal having an integer value from 0 to M−1 (=2.sup.k−1), generating a data signal group by mapping the global phase shift signal to first to Mth mapping sequences in the form of an n*M/2-bit sequence based on a preset symbol group mapping table, generating a pulse wave signal by modulating the data signal group, and blinking each of a plurality of light sources included in the OCC transmission node according to the pulse wave signal. Accordingly, performance of the communication system may be improved.

In one aspect, performing, by a wireless communication device, a non-coherent encoding operation on first data to generate a first transmission, wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes data independent of channel state information (CSI); and transmitting, by the wireless communication device, the first transmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encoded. In another aspect, receiving, by a wireless communication device, a first transmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encoded independent of channel state information (CSI); and performing, by the wireless communication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on the first transmission to decode the first transmission. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described.

A method of soft-decision decoding including training a machine learning agent with communication signal training data; providing to the trained machine learning agent a signal that has been received via a communications channel; operating the machine learning agent to determine respective probabilities that the received signal corresponds to each of a plurality of symbols; and, based on the determined probabilities, performing soft decision decoding on the received signal.

A faulted message element in 5G or 6G can often be identified according to its modulation parameters, including a large deviation of the branch amplitudes from the predetermined amplitude levels of the modulation scheme, and/or the SNR of the branch amplitudes, and/or an amplitude variation of the raw signal or the branches during the message element, and/or an inconsistency between the modulation state as determined by the amplitude and phase of the raw waveform versus the amplitudes of the orthogonal branch signals, among other measures of modulation quality. An AI model may be necessary to correlate the various quality measures, and optionally to determine the correct demodulation of faulted message elements. Costly, time-consuming retransmissions may be avoided by determining the correct demodulation of each message element at the receiver, thereby improving throughput and reliability with fewer delays.

Methods and apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadcast signals are provided. The method for transmitting a broadcast signal includes encoding mobile data for forward error correction (FEC), encoding signaling data, forming data groups including the encoded mobile data and the encoded signaling data and transmitting a signal frame that includes the data groups.

Systems and methods are described that enable user terminals to eliminate or reduce the number of dummy bursts (or bursts with no data) they send. The systems and methods use two burst detectors, a first burst detector that analyzes the physical structure of the signal, and a second burst detector that analyzes the informational structure of the signal. Output from the first burst detector can be used to control operation of a signal decoder that decodes received signals. The second burst detector analyzes output from the signal decoder to determine the second burst indicator. In other words, the first burst detector can be implemented prior to decoding the received signal to provide a first estimate related to the presence or absence of a burst. This can then be used to limit the amount of processing performed by the signal decoder.

A low-complexity selective mapping method using cyclic redundancy check is provided. In performing coding, a transmitter adds a check bit to information bits to be transmitted to obtain modulated data. Demodulation is performed on an M-order modulation symbol received by a receiver to obtain a decoding result of a coding polynomial of the modulation symbol and bit information received by the receiver. A modulo-2 division result of the decoding result of the coding polynomial and a generation polynomial is calculated. In a case that a remainder of the modulo-2 division result is equal to zero, if the modulated data corresponding to the same index value of the receiver and the transmitter are identical, a current iteration is stopped, and a current value is outputted as a phase rotation sequence index recovery value. Finally, the receiver obtains a decoded signal.

A transmission code processing device includes: a signal point arrangement shaping encoding unit to perform conversion into a shaped bit of mi column; a systematic error correction encoding unit to generate a parity bit of mp column based on the shaped bit; a first symbol mapping unit to convert the shaped bit into a first modulation symbol; a second symbol mapping unit to convert the parity bit into a second modulation symbol; and a symbol multiplexing unit to multiplex the first and second modulation symbols, in which the first modulation symbol has one element in a first signal point set including ci signal point including an origin, the second modulation symbol has one element in cp signal point not including the origin, and the signal point arrangement shaping encoding unit performs signal point arrangement shaping in which the first modulation symbol has one element in the first signal point set.

Disclosed are methods for avoiding, detecting, and mitigating message faults. Due to the expected large increase in electromagnetic background energy in in dense 5G and 6G networks, message faults are likely to dramatically increase, along with their costs. To avoid intermittent interference, a user device can monitor the noise level and request that the base station store incoming messages while the noise level is too high. Likewise, if a user device receives a faulted message while the noise level is high, the user device can delay the retransmission until the noise subsides. If the user device has received two faulted messages (a likely scenario in crowded urban/industrial/sporting environments), the user device can merge the two versions while selecting the message elements with the best quality (based on modulation, SNR, stability, and other criteria) and may thereby obtain a corrected message version, without resorting to a third transmission of the message.