Example embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for packet retransmission. The method comprises binding a plurality of consecutive packets of the device to obtain a bound packet. The method further comprises transmitting the bound packet for multiple times in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain, wherein at least one of a time interval and a frequency interval is present between every two consecutive transmissions. Through binding a plurality of consecutive packets into one bound packet and transmitting the bound packet for multiple times at a time interval and/or a frequency domain interval in the time domain and/or the frequency domain, upon reception of the packet, not only the gain obtained by joint channel estimation across a plurality of subframes is maintained, but also the time diversity gain and the frequency domain diversity gain may also be obtained for each of the plurality of consecutive packets, thereby enhancing link performance.

Methods and apparatuses are described in which an unlicensed spectrum is used for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications. A first method includes performing clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine availability of an unlicensed spectrum, transmitting a request-to-send (RTS) signal to a set of user equipments (UEs) using the unlicensed spectrum when a determination is made that the unlicensed spectrum is available, and receiving, in the unlicensed spectrum, a common clear-to-send (CTS) signal and an individual CTS signal from one or more of the UEs in response to the RTS signal. A second method includes transmitting an RTS signal in an unlicensed spectrum or a V-RTS signal in a licensed spectrum, addressed to a set of UEs, and transmitting a CTS-to-self signal in the unlicensed spectrum along with the transmission of the V-RTS signal.

Methods and apparatuses are described in which an unlicensed spectrum is used for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications. A first method includes broadcasting beacon signals in an unlicensed spectrum at predetermined times from an evolved Node B (eNB). A second method includes receiving beacon signals broadcast in an unlicensed spectrum at predetermined times from an eNB. The beacon signals may include downlink signals identifying the eNB and at least one associated attribute of the eNB.

Methods and apparatuses are described in which an unlicensed spectrum is used for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications. A first method includes synchronizing clear channel assessment (CCA) slots across a plurality of base stations to determine availability of an unlicensed spectrum for transmissions in a next transmission interval. A second method includes performing a CCA during one of a plurality of CCA slots synchronized across a plurality of evolved Node Bs (eNBs) to determine availability of unlicensed spectrum for transmissions in a next transmission interval.

A communication device generates an informational element (IE) to include an indication of a minimum modulation and coding scheme (MCS) allowable in a wireless communication network. The minimum MCS is from an ordered set of multiple MCSs defined by a communication protocol utilized by the wireless communication network. The indication of the minimum MCS also indicates use of any MCSs below the minimum MCS in the ordered set of MCSs is not allowed in the wireless communication network. The communication device generates a data unit that includes the IE.

A method of spatially multiplexing data comprising a signal vector, the method comprising selecting first and second modulation schemes for the data transmission wherein the second modulation scheme is an interpolation in the plane of the first modulation scheme; and further wherein the modulation schemes are selected so as to maintain the same minimum Euclidean distance between vectors comprising the first and second modulation schemes as the minimum Euclidean distance within the first and second modulation schemes; and selecting a plurality of antennae, each of the plurality to concurrently transmit respective symbols of the signal vector.

Methods and apparatuses are described in which an unlicensed spectrum is used for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications. A first method includes comparing past transmission activity on an unlicensed spectrum to an activity threshold, transmitting a first subframe type in the unlicensed spectrum during a next active transmission when the past transmission activity is greater than the activity threshold, and transmitting a second subframe type in the unlicensed spectrum during a next active transmission when the past transmission activity is lesser than the activity threshold, the second subframe type comprising a more robust subframe type than the first subframe type. A second method includes generating one or both of PUCCH signals and PUSCH signals based on interleaved signals that increase nominal bandwidth occupancy in an unlicensed spectrum, and transmitting the generated signals in the unlicensed spectrum. A third method includes receiving the PUCCH signals and the PUSCH signals.

Methods and apparatuses are described in which an unlicensed spectrum is used for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications. A first method includes comparing past transmission activity on an unlicensed spectrum to an activity threshold, transmitting a first subframe type in the unlicensed spectrum during a next active transmission when the past transmission activity is greater than the activity threshold, and transmitting a second subframe type in the unlicensed spectrum during a next active transmission when the past transmission activity is lesser than the activity threshold, the second subframe type comprising a more robust subframe type than the first subframe type. A second method includes generating one or both of PUCCH signals and PUSCH signals based on interleaved signals that increase nominal bandwidth occupancy in an unlicensed spectrum, and transmitting the generated signals in the unlicensed spectrum. A third method includes receiving the PUCCH signals and the PUSCH signals.

A decoding method, a device, and a readable storage medium. The method includes: determining, by a decoder, an encoding coefficient vector based on a received signal and an NSTBC codebook; and decoding, by the decoder, original encoded input symbols in a current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector, a differential space time block code DSTBC encoding mode, and the NSTBC codebook.

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for transmitting control and training symbols to improve transmission efficiency in a multi-user wireless communication system. The method for transmitting the control and training symbols in the multi-user wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: determining whether a required transmission rate of each data can be satisfied through channel estimation in each of terminals when different data are simultaneously transmitted to each of the terminals; and transmitting a data frame to each of the terminals, the data frame being composed to discriminate the control and training symbols in each of the terminals using a combination of time, frequency, and code area when the required transmission rate of each data is not satisfied according to the determined result.