An apparatus includes an ingress data buffer, an ingress processor, an egress processor, and a recirculation data buffer. The apparatus is configured to provide unified packet recirculation via the recirculation data buffer and a single recirculation port on the ingress data buffer. The apparatus can be a switch, router or other network device.

Systems, methods, and storage media for detecting a security intrusion of a network device are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may include a method involving, in the network device including a processor, monitor a light signal associated with a security enabled port of the network device; and in response to detecting a change in the light signal, initiate a security alert.

Facilitating facilitate enablement of a smart HARQ feedback to support outer loop link adaptation in advanced networks (e.g., 4G, 5G, 6G, and beyond) is provided herein. Operations of a method can comprise sending, by a first device comprising a processor, a data packet to a second device. The method also can comprise receiving, by the first device, negative acknowledgement data from the second device. The negative acknowledgement data can indicate that the second device fails to support a modulation and coding protocol of the data packet.

An error rate measuring apparatus includes an operation unit that sets one Codeword length and one FEC Symbol length of FEC according to a communication standard of a device under test W, a storage unit that stores symbol string data obtained by receiving and converting a signal from the device under test W, data division means for dividing the stored symbol string data into MSB data and LSB data, a data comparison unit that compares each of the divided MSB data and LSB data with error data to detect each of MSB errors and LSB errors of each one Codeword length, and detects FEC Symbol Errors of each of the MSB data and the LSB data at one FEC Symbol interval, and error counting means for counting the detected MSB errors, LSB errors, and FEC Symbol Errors.

A test system for performing loopback tests is described. The test system includes a processing circuitry and loopback circuitry. The processing circuitry (e.g., module) includes a signal source, an artificial intelligence module, an output port, and an input port, wherein the output port is connected to the input port by the loopback circuitry. The signal source is configured to generate an output signal. The processing module is configured to output the output signal via the output port. The loopback circuitry is configured to at least one of transmit the output signal to the input port directly and transmit the output signal to the input port via at least one further electronic component, thereby obtaining at least one input signal. The input port is configured to receive the at least one input signal. The input port further is configured to forward the at least one input signal to the artificial intelligence module. The artificial intelligence module is configured to automatically perform a loopback test of at least one of the signal source and the further electronic component based on the at least one input signal. Further, an electronic device and a loopback testing method is described.

Systems, methods, and storage media for detecting a security intrusion of a network device are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may include a method involving, in the network device including a processor, monitor a light signal associated with a security enabled port of the network device; and in response to detecting a change in the light signal, initiate a security alert.

A system for producing a data stream based on redundant information that has a first controller, a second controller and a circuit. The first controller outputs a first part of first data via a first data output. The second controller outputs a second part of second data via a second data output. The circuit combines the data that is output to form a data stream. The first controller reads in at least the second part of second data of the combined data stream. The second controller reads in at least the first part of first data of the combined data stream. The read-in second part of second data is compared with a second part of the first data and if the comparison indicates a deviation, to stop outputting data via the first data output and/or to block the forwarding of the data stream.

A test system for performing loopback tests is described. The test system includes a processing circuitry and loopback circuitry. The processing circuitry (e.g., module) includes a signal source, an artificial intelligence module, an output port, and an input port, wherein the output port is connected to the input port by the loopback circuitry. The signal source is configured to generate an output signal. The processing module is configured to output the output signal via the output port. The loopback circuitry is configured to at least one of transmit the output signal to the input port directly and transmit the output signal to the input port via at least one further electronic component, thereby obtaining at least one input signal. The input port is configured to receive the at least one input signal. The input port further is configured to forward the at least one input signal to the artificial intelligence module. The artificial intelligence module is configured to automatically perform a loopback test of at least one of the signal source and the further electronic component based on the at least one input signal. Further, an electronic device and a loopback testing method is described.

An error rate measuring apparatus includes an operation unit that sets one Codeword length and one FEC Symbol length of FEC according to a communication standard of a device under test W, a storage unit that stores symbol string data obtained by receiving and converting a signal from the device under test W, data division means for dividing the stored symbol string data into MSB data and LSB data, a data comparison unit that compares each of the divided MSB data and LSB data with error data to detect each of MSB errors and LSB errors of each one Codeword length, and detects FEC Symbol Errors of each of the MSB data and the LSB data at one FEC Symbol interval, and error counting means for counting the detected MSB errors, LSB errors, and FEC Symbol Errors.

Presented embodiments facilitate efficient and effective flexible implementation of different types of testing procedures in a test system. In one embodiment, a tester system diagnostic method includes forwarding test signals to a loopback component; receiving the test signals from the loopback component; and analyzing the test signals to diagnose whether or not the test system is experiencing problems associated with electrostatic discharges, including analysis of eye scan configuration data corresponding to characteristics of the test signals. In one exemplary implementation, analyzing the eye scan configuration data, including analyzing symmetry of a graphical representation (e.g., eye pattern, eye diagram, etc.) of the eye scan configuration data with respect to a horizontal graphical representation axis.