Provided is a radio formed to be capable of performing wireless communication with sensors, and configured to be connected, through one communication port via wired communication, to a slave control apparatus configured to be communicably connected to a master control apparatus with a predetermined communication method. The radio generates one communication packet formed with the predetermined communication method and transmitted from the radio to the slave control apparatus, such that pieces of measured data measured by the sensors are included in the one communication packet in accordance with a predetermined order in which the slave control apparatus or the master control apparatus can determine which sensor measured which piece of the measured data of the sensors, and the radio transmits the generated one communication packet to the slave control apparatus via wired communication.

An electronic control unit for a vehicle includes a nonvolatile memory that is capable of erasing and writing data electrically, and capable of receiving a program to be written into the nonvolatile memory in units of a predetermined size by means of communication using a communication buffer. The electronic control unit for the vehicle uses communication buffers, the number of which is greater than the number of communication buffers used in an in-vehicle communication environment, to receive the program.

A storage system is provided. The storage system includes a plurality of storage units, each having a controller and solid-state storage memory. The storage system further includes one or more first pathways that couple processing devices of a plurality of storage nodes and is configured to couple to a network external to the storage system and one or more second pathways that couple the plurality of storage nodes to the plurality of storage units, wherein the one or more second pathways enable multiprocessing applications.

A security module for a CAN node includes a RXD input interface for receiving data from a CAN bus, TXD output interface for transmitting data to the CAN bus, and a RXD output interface for providing data to a local controller. The security module is configured to receive a CAN frame from the CAN bus. The CAN frame includes a CAN message. The security module is also configured to compare an identifier of the received CAN frame with at least one identifier associated with the local controller; and upon detection of a match between the identifier of the received CAN frame and the at least one identifier associated with the local controller: pass the CAN message to the local controller via the RXD output interface; decouple the local controller from the CAN bus; and invalidate the CAN message on the CAN bus via the TXD output interface.

Various examples relate to a wired local area network (WLAN) including a shared transmission medium. An apparatus includes a beacon counter and an operational mode controller. The beacon counter is operably coupled to a line of a shared transmission medium of a wired local area network. The beacon counter is to count beacon signals on the line and determine a beacon count over a predetermined time period, or a beacon rate of the beacon signals. The operational mode controller is to control the apparatus to take over operation as a master node of the wired local area network based, at least in part, on a maximum bus cycle length of bus cycles on the line and responsive to the beacon count or the beacon rate.

A communication system and a communication method for one-way transmission are provided. The communication method includes: receiving, by a precision time protocol switch, a first synchronization message from a grandmaster clock; generating, by the precision time protocol switch, a second synchronization message according to the first synchronization message; transmitting, by the precision time protocol switch, the second synchronization message to a transmitting server and a programmable logic device; generating, by the transmitting server, a timestamp according to the second synchronization message; transmitting, by the transmitting server, at least one data packet and the timestamp to the precision time protocol switch; forwarding, by the precision time protocol switch, the at least one data packet and the timestamp to the programmable logic device; and determining, by the programmable logic device, whether to output the at least one data packet according to the timestamp and the second synchronization message.

A method for updating lower module information in a battery module structure in which an upper controller controls and manages a lower module configured of a plurality of battery modules and lower battery managers connected to each of the battery modules by communicating with each of the lower battery managers. The method includes when the lower module is additionally connected, recognizing, by the upper controller, the addition of the lower module by exchanging a message with the added lower module. The added lower module is registered by assigning a new unique ID to the added lower module by exchanging the message with the added lower module by the upper controller.

A vehicle security system having controller area network buses, electronic control units connected to the controller area network buses, a vehicle security module connected to the controller area network buses, and an on board diagnostics connector connected to the vehicle security module. The vehicle security module may according to a policy discriminate between authorized and unauthorized signals that are input to the on board diagnostics connector. Authorized signals may be forwarded by the vehicle security module to the controller area network busses. Authorized signals may affect operation of one or more of the components of the vehicle via the electronic control units. Authorized signals may change the policy used by the vehicle security module. Unauthorized signals may be refused entry to the controller area network busses. The on board diagnostics connector may receive the signals from diagnostic instrumentation, control instrumentation, tracking instrumentation, a dongle, and so forth.

A method for implementing controller area network (CAN) communications between a plurality of CAN nodes using a single radio frequency (RF) coax cable is provided. In an aspect, a hardware interface (e.g., an electronic circuit) may be coupled to each of the plurality of CAN nodes. The hardware interface may receive a CAN signal from a first CAN node. The hardware interface may convert the CAN signal to a single RF signal and transmit the RF signal to a second CAN node over the single RF coax cable. Moreover, the hardware interface may transmit a CAN feedback signal received over the RF coax cable to the first CAN node. In an aspect, the hardware interface may include an amplitude modulation (AM) modulator, an AM detector, and a bandpass filter.

A device for a serial bus system. The device includes a receiver for receiving a signal from a bus, in which for a message that is exchanged between user stations of the bus system, the bus states of a signal received from the bus in the first communication phase differ from bus states of the signal received in the second communication phase. The receiver generates a digital signal based on the received signal, and outputs the signal to a communication control device to evaluate the data. The receiver uses a first reception threshold and a second reception threshold in the second communication phase to generate the digital signal. The second reception threshold has a negative voltage value or has a voltage value that is greater than the largest voltage value that is driven by a user station of the bus system for a bus state in the second communication phase.