The disclosure relates to a communication technique that converges a 5G communication system to support a higher data rate after a 4.sup.th Generation (4G) system with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and a system thereof. The disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, healthcare, digital education, retail, security and safety related services, or the like) based on 5.sup.th Generation (5G) communication technology and IoT related technology. In addition, the disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for reducing user equipment (UE) power consumption in a wireless communication system.

A receiver comprising: a processing module configured to: receive a first portion of a packet of received signalling from a first antenna; receive a carrier estimate signal; adjust the first portion based on the carrier estimate signal and correlate the signal with an expected code sequence to provide a first correlated signal; a tracking module configured to: receive the first correlated signal and update the carrier estimate signal, wherein the processing module is further configured to: receive a second portion of the packet from a second antenna; adjust the second portion based on the carrier estimate signal and correlate the signal to provide a second correlated signal, and wherein the receive path further comprises a phase calculation module configured to: receive the first and second correlated signals and determine a respective first and second carrier phase and an angle of arrival of the received signalling.

An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: obtaining channel response data comprising a first channel frequency response of a channel over a first frequency spectrum, where the first channel frequency response is generated in response to a transmission over the channel or a simulation thereof; and generating an estimate of a second channel frequency response of the channel over a second frequency spectrum in response to applying the channel response data to a machine-learning model, where the second frequency spectrum is different to the first frequency spectrum.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a sensing device may transmit a first Layer 2 (L2) data packet that includes a Layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame. The sensing device may receive a second L2 data packet that includes a response to the L2.5 frame. Motion data indicating whether an object is moving may be generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response associated with receiving the second L2 data packet. Numerous other aspects are described.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a base station. The base station receives baseband signals from X devices at N.sub.R reception antennas. These baseband signals carry R layers of data signals transmitted from a UE using N.sub.T transmission antennas in L first transmission time intervals, where L, N.sub.R and R are positive integers. The base station estimates an equivalent channel response that is formed by precoders used by the UE and a channel between the N.sub.R reception antennas at the base station and L.Math.N.sub.T effective antennas at the UE; N.sub.T is a positive integer. The base station performs signal processing based on the received baseband signals and the channel response in order to decode the R layers of data signals from the UE.

A system and method for measuring characteristics of a signal transmission channel. A generator generates a defined signal as a function of user defined reference parameters, and injects the defined signal into an input of the signal transmission channel. An analyzer receives the defined signal from an output of the signal transmission channel. The analyzer also includes the user defined reference parameters, and measures a reference delay and reference frequency offset without any timing or phase reference synchronization with the generator. The analyzer computes a time-dependent (impulse response) and/or frequency-dependent (frequency response) variation of a response of the signal transmission channel relative to the reference delay and reference frequency offset.

Disclosed are a wireless transmitter and a reference signal transmission method that improve channel estimation accuracy. In a terminal, which transmits a reference signal using n (n is a non-negative integer 2 or greater) band blocks (which correspond to clusters here), which are disposed with spaces therebetween in a frequency direction, a reference signal controller switches the reference signal formation method of a reference signal generator between a first formation method and a second formation method based on the number (n) of band blocks. In addition, a threshold value setting unit adjusts a switching threshold value based on the frequency spacing between band blocks. Thus, the reference signal formation method can be selected with good accuracy and, as a result, channel estimation accuracy is further improved.

Symbols are received on a downstream channel. A value of a channel synchronization parameter is determined based on the received symbols. An interference event on the downstream channel is detected. In response to detecting the interference event: an output signal is determined based on at least one cached value of the channel synchronization parameter, the at least one cached value being determined based on symbols received prior to and offset from the detecting of the interference event.

Disclosed are a wireless transmitter and a reference signal transmission method that improve channel estimation accuracy. In a terminal, which transmits a reference signal using n (n is a non-negative integer 2 or greater) band blocks (which correspond to clusters here), which are disposed with spaces therebetween in a frequency direction, a reference signal controller switches the reference signal formation method of a reference signal generator between a first formation method and a second formation method based on the number (n) of band blocks. In addition, a threshold value setting unit adjusts a switching threshold value based on the frequency spacing between band blocks. Thus, the reference signal formation method can be selected with good accuracy and, as a result, channel estimation accuracy is further improved.

A method in a wireless receiver for estimating a channel. The method includes receiving a signal comprising a plurality of transmission layers, each layer having at least one reference signal according to a predefined reference signal sequence; determining a window size for performing a sampling operation, wherein the operation is performed in a transformed domain of the received signal; selecting a channel tap length, from a range of channel tap lengths, wherein the selection is based on the window size, a noise mean and a noise variance. The channel estimation is performed from a reference signal sequence for the at least one reference signal and based on samples corresponding to the selected channel tap length.