According to an aspect of the disclosure, a base station may convey the parameter information to the UE based on selection of particular resources to be used for transmission of synchronization signals, where the selected resources correspond to the particular parameter information. The UE may blindly detect the synchronization signals on various candidate resources and determine the parameter information based on the resources where the synchronization signals are detected. The apparatus may be a base station. In an aspect, the base station determines parameter information of one or more parameters. The base station selects, based on the parameter information, synchronization resources from a plurality of candidate resources for transmission of one or more synchronization signals, where the selected synchronization resources correspond to the parameter information. The base station transmits the one or more synchronization signals using the selected synchronization resources.

Methods, apparatus and systems for wireless sensing using multiple groups of wireless devices are described. In one example, a described system comprises: heterogeneous wireless devices in a venue, and a processor. A particular device is configured to communicate with a first device through a first wireless channel based on a first protocol using a first radio, and configured to communicate with a second device through a second wireless channel based on a second protocol using a second radio. The processor is configured for: obtaining a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the second wireless channel based on a wireless signal communicated between the particular device and the second device; computing a pairwise sensing analytics based on the TSCI; and computing a combined sensing analytics based on the pairwise sensing analytics. The particular device transmits the combined sensing analytics to the first device, to perform a wireless sensing task.

An HE-LTF transmission method is provided, including: determining, based on a total number N.sub.STS of space-time streams, a number N.sub.HELTF of OFDM symbols included in an HE-LTF field; determining a HE-LTF sequence in frequency domain according to a transmission bandwidth and a mode of the HE-LTF field, where the HE-LTF sequence in frequency domain includes but is not limited to a mode of the HE-LTF field sequence that is in a 1× mode and that is mentioned in implementations; and sending a time-domain signal according to the number N.sub.HELTF of OFDM symbols and the determined HE-LTF sequence in frequency domain. In the foregoing solution, a PAPR value is relatively low.

A representation method of channel state information for a receiving apparatus of a wireless communication system is disclosed. The channel state information includes a plurality of subcarrier data. The representation method of channel state information includes mapping each subcarrier data captured at a first timing onto planar component vectors; and respectively accumulating the planar component vectors corresponding to an identical direction of each subcarrier data captured at the first timing to generate a characteristic chart of channel state.

A method for transmitting and receiving signals, performed by a terminal, in a C-RAN environment, includes sequentially transmitting fixed beams; receiving, from at least one first TRP determined as TRP(s) performing signal transmission and reception with the terminal among the plurality of TRPs, control information including information on whether to transmit a reference signal for reception of downlink data and an index of a transmission beam selected for uplink transmission; and receiving the downlink data from the at least one first TRP, and demodulating the downlink data by using a reception beam weight derived from a weight used for transmission of the fixed beams or by using the reference signal.

A method may include generating an estimated time offset based on a reference signal in a communication system, and adjusting a transform window in the communication system based on the estimated time offset, wherein the estimated time offset is generated based on machine learning. Generating the estimated time offset may include applying the machine learning to one or more channel estimates. Generating the estimated time offset may include extracting one or more features from one or more channel estimates, and generating the estimated time offset based on the one or more features. Extracting the one or more features may include determining a correlation between a first channel and a second channel. The correlation may include a frequency domain correlation between the first channel and the second channel. Extracting the one or more features may include extracting a subset of a set of features of the one or more channel estimates.

A signal detection method for a MIMO-OFDM wireless communication system includes obtaining a channel matrix of each subcarrier for each MIMO-OFDM data packet; receiving a reception vector of each subcarrier; performing MIMO detection for a first OFDM symbol and channel matrix preprocessing to generate a global dynamic K-value table; performing MIMO detection for each subsequent OFDM symbol, the MIMO detection includes: performing the following steps for each subcarrier of a current OFDM symbol: transforming the reception vector of the current subcarrier into a LR search domain; and obtaining a LR domain candidate transmission vector of the current subcarrier, a K-value applied to each search layer of the current subcarrier during the K-best search is a global dynamic K-value in the global dynamic K-value table corresponding to the search layer.

A receiver apparatus 1 estimates a plurality of first electric-power delay profiles from a plurality of digital signals based on signals received via an array antenna; generates a synthesized electric-power delay profile q(m, l) by synthesizing these; generates an array process signal y(k) from the plurality of digital signals; estimates a second electric-power delay profile from the array process signal; generates a difference electric-power delay profile d(m, l) by subtracting the second electric-power delay profile from the synthesized electric-power delay profile; and creates a two-dimensional map indicating a relationship between delay times and arrival angles of incoming waves, on the basis of the difference electric-power delay profile and a direction of a null point. The receiver apparatus 1 changes the direction of the null point and repeats the above process, and estimates an arrival angle θ.sub.1 of a direct wave on the basis of the two-dimensional map.

An electronic device and a method for estimating a channel based on a fading channel in an electronic device are provided. The electronic device includes at least one antenna, a communication circuit, and at least one processor operably coupled with the at least one antenna and the communication circuit, wherein the at least one processor is configured to obtain a channel characteristic of a reception signal received through the at least one antenna, set a weight and a channel estimation interval for channel estimation based on the channel characteristic of the reception signal, estimates a channel of the reception signal by applying the set weight to at least one subcarrier included in the set channel estimation interval among a plurality of subcarriers included in a reference signal included in the reception signal.

The present disclosure relates to beamforming methods and devices. In one example method, an access network device calculates an uplink channel frequency response, calculates a model parameter in a channel frequency response mathematical model based on the uplink channel frequency response and each uplink subcarrier frequency, where the model parameter has reciprocity on uplink and downlink subcarrier frequencies, constructs a downlink channel frequency response based on the model parameter, the channel frequency response mathematical model, and each downlink subcarrier frequency, calculates a beamforming weight for each downlink subcarrier frequency based on the downlink channel frequency response, and performs downlink beamforming on an antenna array based on the beamforming weight for each downlink subcarrier frequency, where the antenna array is a dual-polarized antenna array or a single-polarized antenna array.