A differential transmission circuit for a communication device performs bidirectional communication via a differential transmission line. The differential transmission circuit include: output transistors that are turned on and off according to a drive signal during a transmission period; a signal generation unit that generates and outputs the drive signal; short-circuit transistors connected between gates and drains of the output transistors; and a cut off unit that cuts off a supply path of the drive signal between the signal generation unit and the gates of the output transistors. The cut off unit cuts off the supply path of the drive signal during a reception period in which a reception operation is performed by the communication device.

Systems and methods for implementation of modified decision feedback equalization. In one embodiment, a method, includes sweeping a reference voltage signal across a set of voltages to find a center point of an eye diagram, determining whether an asymmetry is present in the eye diagram relative to the center point of the eye diagram, and when an asymmetry is determined to be present, generating a control signal to select a mode of decision feedback equalization to be applied to an input data bit.

A unified mud-pulse (MP)-electromagnetic (EM) telemetry assembly and a downhole telemetry tool are provided including a downhole EM telemetry transmitter apparatus. The EM telemetry transmitter apparatus comprises a modulator configured to transmit at least one EM signal through transmission medium. The modulator comprises a first reactive circuit and a second reactive circuit, and a plurality of switches controlled by a controller to alternatingly switch the modulator between a first configuration and a second configuration. The EM signals are transmitted by passing one of the reactive circuits and bypassing the other reactive circuit.

A signal transmission device includes a signal transmission chip, and a first lead frame supporting the signal transmission chip. A first inductor spiral ring is on a surface of the signal transmission chip, a second inductor spiral ring is inside the signal transmission chip, a first bonding pad is electrically coupled between the first and second inductor spiral rings, a guard ring covers the first and second inductor spiral rings in a plan view, and bonding pads are outside of the guard ring. A direction of rotation between the first and second inductor spiral rings are different from each other. The signal transmission device further includes a semiconductor chip and a second lead frame supporting the semiconductor chip, wherein the signal transmission chip and the semiconductor chip face each other.

Provided is a method and an apparatus for optimizing memory power and provide a method and an apparatus for optimizing memory power by minimizing power consumed by pins of a memory by using an SBR pattern. The method of optimizing memory power using a PAM-4 (Pulse-Amplitude Modulation-4) method includes: setting a ratio and sizes of a pull-up transistor and a pull-down transistor included in a driver according to a smallest size of a plurality of eyes included in an eye diagram of a memory; and setting a reference voltage of a sampler and a phase interpolator (PI) digital code value included in the memory by using a signal bit response (SBR) pattern.

The driver circuit includes a pull-up network having a first pull-up transistor controlled by a data signal, a second pull-up transistor coupled between the first pull-up transistor and a first power supply voltage, and a third pull-up transistor coupled in parallel with the second pull-up transistor. The third pull-up transistor is configured to turn on for at least one clock cycle responsive to a change in the logic level of the data signal being detected.

Disclosed is a driver of an ethernet transmitter and a control method therefor. The driver has a first output port and a second output port connected to an ethernet receiver through a transmission line, and comprises: a signal conversion module for converting differential current signals into a first voltage signal and a second voltage signal; a first driving module adjusting a swing of the first voltage signal, to obtain a first output signal having a voltage equal to the first voltage signal; a second driving module adjusting a swing of the second voltage signal, to obtain a second output signal having a voltage equal to the second voltage signal. An architecture having a relatively small area is realized, and the ethernet transmitter meets the requirement on a large output swing in 10 BASE-T mode.

A method of generating a multi-level signal having one of three or more voltage levels that are different from each other, the method including: performing a first voltage setting operation in which first and second voltage intervals are adjusted to be different from each other, wherein the first voltage interval represents a difference between a first pair of adjacent voltage levels and the second voltage interval represents a difference between a second pair of adjacent voltage levels; performing a second voltage setting operation in which a voltage swing width is adjusted, the voltage swing width representing a difference between a lowest and a highest voltage level among the three or more voltage levels; and generating an output data signal that is the multi-level signal based on input data including two or more bits, a result of the first voltage setting operation and a result of the second voltage setting operation.

Systems for bi-directional single-ended transmission are described. For example, a system may include a receiver with a first differential input terminal and a second differential input terminal, wherein the first differential input terminal is coupled to a first node and the second differential input terminal is coupled to a second node; a transmitter with an output terminal coupled to a third node; a first inductor connected between the first node and the third node; a second inductor connected between the second node and the third node; and a shunt resistor connected between the third node and a ground node.

A transmission device of the present disclosure includes: a driver unit that transmits a data signal with use of a first voltage state, a second voltage state, and a third voltage state interposed between the first voltage state and the second voltage state, and is configured to make a voltage in the third voltage state changeable; and a controller that changes the voltage in the third voltage state to cause the driver unit to perform emphasis.