An Ethernet transceiver is disclosed. The Ethernet transceiver includes transmit circuitry having a forward error correction (FEC) encoder to encode data into FEC frames. A modulator modulates the FEC frames into symbols. A precoder equalizes the symbols and a transmitter transmits the equalized symbols over a reduced number of channels N.sub.S with respect to a baseline number of channels N.sub.0. For a reduced data rate B.sub.S with respect to a baseline data rate B.sub.0, the FEC frames are assembled by the FEC encoder to exhibit an expanded frame time FT.sub.S that is expanded from a baseline frame time FT.sub.0 by a factor of B.sub.0/B.sub.S. The modulator generates symbols that are transmitted by the transmit circuit at a symbol rate SR.sub.S that is reduced from a baseline symbol rate SR.sub.0 by a factor of (B.sub.0*N.sub.S)/(B.sub.S*N.sub.0).

Transmission quality is improved in an environment in which direct waves dominate in a transmission method for transmitting a plurality of modulated signals from a plurality of antennas at the same time. All data symbols used in data transmission of a modulated signal are precoded by hopping between precoding matrices so that the precoding matrix used to precode each data symbol and the precoding matrices used to precode data symbols that are adjacent to the data symbol in the frequency domain and the time domain all differ. A modulated signal with such data symbols arranged therein is transmitted.

This application discloses example decoding methods, example decoders, and example decoding apparatuses. One example decoding method includes performing soft decision decoding on a first sub-codeword in a plurality of sub-codewords to obtain a hard decision result. It is determined whether to skip a decoding iteration. In response to determining not to skip the decoding iteration, a first turn-off identifier corresponding to the first sub-codeword is set to a first value based on the hard decision result. The first turn-off identifier indicates whether to perform soft decision decoding on the first sub-codeword in a next decoding iteration. The soft decision decoding is not performed on the first sub-codeword in the next decoding iteration when a value indicated by the first turn-off identifier is the first value. The hard decision result is stored.

Methods and apparatus for decoding received uplink transmissions. In an embodiment, a method includes receiving a stream having data LLRs and second channel state information (CSI2) LLRs, and separating the data LLRs into a data stream and the CSI2 LLRs into a CSI2 stream based on configuration parameters. The method also includes decoding the data stream to generate decoded data, and decoding the CSI2 stream to generate decoded CSI2 information. An apparatus includes a first LLR preprocessor that receives a stream having data LLRs and second channel state information (CSI2) LLRs and separates the data LLRs into a data stream, and a second LLR preprocessor that receives the stream and separates the CSI2 LLRs into a CSI2 stream. The apparatus also includes a data decoder that decodes the data stream to generate decoded data, and a CSI2 decoder that decodes the CSI2 stream to generate decoded CSI2 information.

Systems and methods for operating a communication device. The methods comprise: receiving a carrier signal modulated with a modulation signal comprising a symbol conveyed in a symbol timing window; determining an energy value for each timeslot in the symbol timing window; combining the energy values to determine a combined energy value for each bit of the symbol in a manner in which the combined energy value is penalized if more than one timeslot of the symbol timing window comprises energy contained in the carrier signal; and generating a soft value for each bit of the sequence of bits by combining the combined energy value with a weight value, where the weight value is selected from a plurality of weight values based on a number of timeslots in the symbol timing window which comprises energy contained in the carrier signal.

Methods and apparatus for providing soft and blind combining for PUSCH acknowledgement (ACK) processing. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes soft-combining acknowledgement (ACK) bits received from a UE that are contained in a received sub-frame of symbols. The ACK bits are soft-combined using a plurality of scrambling sequences to generate a plurality of hypothetical soft-combined ACK bit streams. The method also includes receiving a parameter that identifies a selected scrambling sequence to be used. The method also includes decoding a selected hypothetical soft-combined ACK bit stream to generate a decoded ACK value, wherein the selected hypothetical soft-combined ACK bit stream is selected from the plurality of hypothetical soft-combined ACK bit streams based on the parameter.

receiver may include a first filter configured to generate a first estimation of a symbol of a received signal and a second filter configured to generate a second estimation of the symbol of the received signal. The receiver may also include a decoder configured to decode the symbol using one of the first estimation and the second estimation and a decision circuit configured to select one of the first estimation and the second estimation to provide to the decoder for decoding of the symbol based on a comparison of the first estimation to an estimation threshold.

According to an example embodiment, a radio receiver includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the radio receiver to: obtain a data array including a plurality of elements, wherein each element in the plurality of elements in the data array corresponds to a subcarrier in a plurality of subcarriers and to a timeslot in a time interval; obtain a reference signal array representing a reference signal configuration applied during the time interval; implement a neural network; input data into the neural network, wherein the data includes at least the data array and the reference signal array. A radio receiver, a method and a computer program product are disclosed.

A transmission method simultaneously transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal at a common frequency performs precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals, thereby improving received data signal quality for a reception device.

A communication unit for performing soft-decision demodulation comprises a receiver that receives a transmitted signal having a first set of bits comprising k bits, selected from a set of 2.sup.k possible signals according to values of the k bits, and a second set of bits comprising Q.sub.m bits based on a phase rotation of the transmitted signal selected from a set of 2.sup.Qm possible rotations. The receiver comprises: a demodulator comprising a bank of 2.sup.k correlators and is configured to: detect a transmission of each possible transmitted signal, and output 2.sup.k phases of the correlator outputs as a third set of inputs. A de-mapper circuit receives the third set of inputs: determines statistics derived from a number of aggregated correlator output phase distributions of the third set of inputs; and calculates and outputs a second set of aposteriori soft bits comprising Q.sub.m soft bits.