Generating, during a first and second signaling interval, an aggregated data signal by forming a linear combination of wire signals received in parallel from wires of a multi-wire bus, wherein at least some of the wire signals undergo a signal level transition during the first and second signaling interval; measuring a signal skew characteristic of the aggregated data signal; and, generating wire-specific skew offset metrics, each wire-specific skew offset metric based on the signal skew characteristic.

Generating, during a first and second signaling interval, an aggregated data signal by forming a linear combination of wire signals received in parallel from wires of a multi-wire bus, wherein at least some of the wire signals undergo a signal level transition during the first and second signaling interval; measuring a signal skew characteristic of the aggregated data signal; and, generating wire-specific skew offset metrics, each wire-specific skew offset metric based on the signal skew characteristic.

A receiver includes an interface configured to receive a data signal based on an n-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-n) in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 4. The interface may include an analog-digital converting circuit configured to adjust a reference voltage, for distinguishing second bit data from the data signal in a second section, based on first bit data converted from the data signal in a first section and the first bit data converted from the data signal in the second section, the second section being after the first section.

A communication circuit is disclosed. The communication circuit includes a calibration system, configured to receive clock signals respectively having first and second clock phases, and first and second duty cycles, where the calibration system is further configured to receive input data and to adjust the input data to generate adjusted data based partly on the input data and based partly on the first and second duty cycles. The communication circuit also includes a mixer, configured to receive the clock signals and to receive the adjusted data, where the mixer is configured to generate output data based on the clock signals and the adjusted data, and where a mismatch in the output data caused by the first and second duty cycles being different is reduced because of the adjustment made to the input data to generate the adjusted data.

A retiming circuit module, a signal transmission system, and a signal transmission method are provided. The retiming circuit module includes a path control circuit and a multipath signal transmission circuit. The multipath signal transmission circuit includes built-in first signal transmission path and second signal transmission path. The multipath signal transmission circuit may perform first signal transmission between an upstream device and a downstream device based on a first signal transmission frequency and the second signal transmission path. During a period of performing the first signal transmission, the path control circuit may detect a first data sequence transmitted between the upstream device and the downstream device. The path control circuit may control the multipath signal transmission circuit to switch to perform second signal transmission between the upstream device and the downstream device based on the first signal transmission frequency and the first signal transmission path according to the first data sequence.

An apparatus includes a sampling circuit, a sense circuit, and a tuning circuit. The sampling circuit samples an input signal according to a sampling clock signal to produce a sampled signal. The sense circuit determines a scaling factor based on a distortion in the sampled signal caused by the sampling clock signal. The tuning circuit generates an offset signal based on the sampling clock signal and the scaling factor. The offset signal reduces the distortion in the sampled signal caused by the sampling clock signal.

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology exploits modulated coded impulses over a wide frequency spectrum with very low power over a short distance for digital data transmission. Today's leading edge modulated sinusoidal wave wireless communication standards and systems achieve power efficiencies of 50 nJ/bit employing narrowband signaling schemes and traditional RF transceiver architectures. However, such designs severely limit the achievable energy efficiency, especially at lower data rates such as below 1 Mbps. Further, it is important that peak power consumption is supportable by common battery or energy harvesting technologies and long term power consumption neither leads to limited battery lifetimes or an inability for alternate energy sources to sustain them. Accordingly, it would be beneficial for next generation applications to exploit inventive transceiver structures and communication schemes in order to achieve the sub nJ per bit energy efficiencies required by next generation applications.

Computer assistance in interval management may be beneficial in a number of ways. For example, digital communication of interval management instructions or information related to interval management may beneficially be communicated to aircraft with respect to other aircraft. This information may be communicated overlaid on air traffic control (ATC) communications, or otherwise. A method can include, for example, obtaining a spacing goal for an aircraft relative to a target aircraft. The method can also include determining clearance instructions for the aircraft, wherein the speed guidance is based on the spacing goal. The method can further include transmitting the clearance instructions in a computer-readable format to the aircraft. The instructions can be provided by an overlay-modulated signal of a provided modulated ATC signal. The instructions can be configured to enable control of the aircraft to achieve the spacing goal.

Methods and systems are described for obtaining a set of carrier-modulated symbols of a carrier-modulated codeword, each carrier-modulated symbol received via a respective wire of a plurality of wires of a multi-wire bus, applying each carrier-modulated symbol of the set of carrier-modulated symbols to a corresponding transistor of a set of transistors, the set of transistors further connected to a pair of output nodes according to a sub-channel vector of a plurality of mutually orthogonal sub-channel vectors, recovering a demodulation signal from the carrier-modulated symbols, and generating a demodulated sub-channel data output as a differential voltage on the pair of output nodes based on a linear combination of the set of carrier-modulated symbols by controlling conductivity of the set of transistors according to the demodulation signal.

A vehicle control apparatus is mounted on a vehicle to perform wireless communication with a portable terminal. The vehicle control apparatus includes a first processor configured to execute a first process including a determination process that determines whether or not a received signal, which is a wireless signal received by an antenna mounted on the vehicle and encoded, is a regular wireless signal transmitted from the portable terminal by determining whether or not a counted number of short bits sandwiched by two long bits adjacent to each other in the received signal is an even number.