A method of generating a multi-level signal having one of three or more voltage levels that are different from each other, the method including: performing a first voltage setting operation in which first and second voltage intervals are adjusted to be different from each other, wherein the first voltage interval represents a difference between a first pair of adjacent voltage levels and the second voltage interval represents a difference between a second pair of adjacent voltage levels; performing a second voltage setting operation in which a voltage swing width is adjusted, the voltage swing width representing a difference between a lowest and a highest voltage level among the three or more voltage levels; and generating an output data signal that is the multi-level signal based on input data including two or more bits, a result of the first voltage setting operation and a result of the second voltage setting operation.

A semiconductor device includes a plurality of pulse width modulation circuits, wherein the respective pulse width modulation circuits include a first inverter for inverting clock signals and outputting a first inversion signal, a NOR gate for performing a NOR operation on the first inversion signal and a first logic signal and outputting a second logic signal, and a second inverter for inverting the second logic signal and outputting a second inversion signal. Regarding two adjacent pulse width modulation circuits from among the pulse width modulation circuits, a clock signal of one pulse width modulation circuit is delayed from a clock signal of the other pulse width modulation circuit from among the pulse width modulation circuits by a predetermined phase, and the first logic signal of the one pulse width modulation circuit is the second logic signal of the other pulse width modulation circuit.

Examples relate to determining a sampling threshold of a receiver (e.g., SERDES receiver). In particular, the examples relate to determining an updated sampling threshold of the receiver based on a reference sampling threshold of the receiver. A controller may determine the reference sampling threshold based on the training sequence and determine an upper voltage level and a lower voltage level of a voltage range based on the reference sampling threshold of the receiver. The controller then narrows the voltage range based on upper voltage accumulated hit rate and a lower voltage accumulated hit rate to determine the updated sampling threshold of the receiver.

A transmission device of the present disclosure includes: a driver unit that transmits a data signal with use of a first voltage state, a second voltage state, and a third voltage state interposed between the first voltage state and the second voltage state, and is configured to make a voltage in the third voltage state changeable; and a controller that changes the voltage in the third voltage state to cause the driver unit to perform emphasis.

A transmission device of the present disclosure includes: a driver unit that transmits a data signal with use of a first voltage state, a second voltage state, and a third voltage state interposed between the first voltage state and the second voltage state, and is configured to make a voltage in the third voltage state changeable; and a controller that changes the voltage in the third voltage state to cause the driver unit to perform emphasis.

An analog pre-distortion processing circuit and a signal processing device, the analog pre-distortion processing circuit comprises a narrowband spread spectrum module, an analog pre-distortion module and a filtering module. The narrowband spread spectrum module is used for spreading an input narrowband radio frequency signal into a broadband radio frequency signal. The bandwidth of the broadband radio frequency signal is a preset bandwidth. The analog pre-distortion module is used for carrying out analog pre-distortion linearization processing on the broadband radio frequency signal to obtain a linearized broadband radio frequency signal; the preset bandwidth is located in the optimal cancellation bandwidth of the analog pre-distortion module. The filtering module is used for carrying out signal filtering on the linearized broadband radio frequency signal to obtain a linearized narrowband radio frequency signal.

An analog pre-distortion processing circuit and a signal processing device, the analog pre-distortion processing circuit comprises a narrowband spread spectrum module, an analog pre-distortion module and a filtering module. The narrowband spread spectrum module is used for spreading an input narrowband radio frequency signal into a broadband radio frequency signal. The bandwidth of the broadband radio frequency signal is a preset bandwidth. The analog pre-distortion module is used for carrying out analog pre-distortion linearization processing on the broadband radio frequency signal to obtain a linearized broadband radio frequency signal; the preset bandwidth is located in the optimal cancellation bandwidth of the analog pre-distortion module. The filtering module is used for carrying out signal filtering on the linearized broadband radio frequency signal to obtain a linearized narrowband radio frequency signal.

A transition enforcing coding (TEC) receiver includes a first delay line circuit, a transition detection circuit, and a data sampling circuit. The first delay line circuit delays a plurality of vector signals to generate a plurality of delayed vector signals, respectively. The transition detection circuit detects a transition of at least one specific delayed vector signal among the delayed vector signals. The data sampling circuit samples the vector signals according to a sampling timing determined based on an output of the transition detection circuit.

The invention relates to a method for serial data transmission, comprising the steps consisting in computing the running disparity (RD) of a bit stream that is being transmitted; when the running disparity reaches a threshold (T), computing a point disparity on a subsequent frame (S) of the stream; if the point disparity has the same sign as the threshold, inverting the states of the bits of the frame in the transmitted bit stream; and inserting into the transmitted bit stream a polarity bit having a state signalling the inversion.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems that compensate for communication excursions in multipath communication systems (e.g. MIMO communication systems) while satisfying performance requirements parameters of the communication system. A plurality of communication signals may be received in a transmitter. The plurality of communication signals may be precoded (e.g. mixed) into a plurality of precoded communication signals. Excursions in the precoded communication signals may be scaled to generate a plurality of excursion compensated precoded communication signals. The scaling may be based on performance requirements parameters of a communication system and based on parameters of the precoding the plurality of communication signals. The plurality of excursion compensated precoded communication signals may then be amplified by a plurality of amplifiers.