Provided is a method and an apparatus for optimizing memory power and provide a method and an apparatus for optimizing memory power by minimizing power consumed by pins of a memory by using an SBR pattern. The method of optimizing memory power using a PAM-4 (Pulse-Amplitude Modulation-4) method includes: setting a ratio and sizes of a pull-up transistor and a pull-down transistor included in a driver according to a smallest size of a plurality of eyes included in an eye diagram of a memory; and setting a reference voltage of a sampler and a phase interpolator (PI) digital code value included in the memory by using a signal bit response (SBR) pattern.

Methods, apparatus, and systems provide improved throughput on a communication link. An apparatus has a plurality of line drivers, a first wire state encoder configured to receive a first symbol in a sequence of symbols when a 3-wire link is in a first signaling state, and to define a second signaling state for the 3-wire link based on the first symbol and the first signaling state, a second wire state encoder configured to receive a second symbol in the sequence of symbols, and to define a third signaling state for the 3-wire link based on the second symbol and the second signaling state. The first symbol immediately precedes the second symbol in the sequence of symbols. The 3-wire link transitions from the first to the second signaling state, and from the second to the third signaling state in consecutive transmission intervals.

Methods and devices implementing a combination of multi-dimensional pulse position modulation (PPM) with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) or wavelength division multiplexing multiple access (WDMA) for long range space communications are disclosed. The described multi-dimensional PPM scheme can use the laser wavelength and/or polarization as the additional dimension(s) to the time dimension. Through examples it is shown that the disclosed teachings result in a higher photon information efficiency. Various exemplary embodiments are also presented to highlight the applications benefiting from the disclosed methods and devices.

A transceiver circuit includes a receiver front end utilizing a ring oscillator, and a transmitter front end utilizing a pass-gate circuit in a first feedback path across a last-stage driver circuit. The transceiver circuit provides low impedance at low frequency and high impedance at high frequency, and desirable peaking behavior.

Systems and methods for phase demodulation is described. A wireless power transmitter can include a controller, a transmission coil, and an integrated circuit connected to the controller and the transmission coil. The integrated circuit can be configured to measure a voltage of a transmission coil of a wireless power transmitter. The integrated circuit can be further configured to generate, based on the measured voltage, a pulse signal comprising a plurality of pulses. The integrated circuit can be further configured to send the pulse signal to the controller of the wireless power transmitter. The controller can be configured to perform phase demodulation using the pulse signal.

Improved serial communication is provided in a system where each node regenerates data and transmits it to at least one other node in the system. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is used to encode the data. Preferably, all pulse shapes of the PWM start with a synchronization feature. It is also preferred that the regeneration delay in each node be less than the system clock period.

Various embodiments of the present technology may provide methods and apparatus for an interface having a first bi-directional channel and a second bi-directional channel. The interface operates in one of a first operational state and a second operational state, and performs an exemplary power-saving scheme if it is operating in the second operational state. The interface may detect a plurality of power states and initiate the power-saving scheme based on the detected power state. The plurality of power states may comprise a first power state (low current mode), a second power state (high current mode), and a third power state (mid-current mode).

A transmitter for use in downhole telemetry and/or control is provided. The transmitter comprises a mixer; modulator; and signal generation apparatus configured to generate a frequency modulated signal. The mixer is configured to generate an output signal based on the frequency modulated signal. A frequency spectrum of the output signal comprises upper and lower sidebands disposed about a suppressed or reduced frequency of the frequency modulated signal. The modulator is operable to modulate an input signal onto the output signal. A telemetry system and associated methods are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to an envelope tracking system that is configured to improve the performance of radio frequency power amplifier circuitry by compensating for errors that become more significant as modulation bandwidth increases. These errors include power amplifier collector-base capacitance, time delay between power amplifier stages, and interconnect distance between the baseband modulation source and the power amplifier collector.

A network node (501) determines parameters (503) indicating a compression function for compressing downlink channel estimates, and a decompression function. The network node transmits the parameters, receives compressed downlink channel estimates (504), and decompresses the compressed downlink channel estimates using the decompression function. A terminal device (502) receives the parameters, forms the compression function, compresses downlink channel estimates using the compression function, and transmits the compressed downlink channel estimates. The compression function comprises a first function formed based on at least some of the parameters, a second function which is non-linear, and a quantizer. The first function is configured to receive input data, and to reduce a dimension of the input data. The decompression function comprises a first function configured to receive input data and provide output data in a higher dimensional space than the input data, and a second function which is non-linear.