A data transmission method includes generating a physical layer data frame, where the physical layer data frame includes data on which probability non-uniform modulation is performed and indication information, where the indication information indicates demodulation parameters for performing probability non-uniform demodulation on the data, where the demodulation parameters include a modulation scheme for probability non-uniform modulation, a modulation order for probability non-uniform modulation, and at least one of a probability of each constellation symbol on which probability non-uniform modulation is performed, or a mapping relationship between each constellation symbol on which probability non-uniform modulation is performed and a bit stream, sending the physical layer data frame to a receive end, receiving the physical layer data frame, determining the demodulation parameters based on the indication information, and performing probability non-uniform demodulation on the data based on the demodulation parameters.

A system, method and apparatus that includes two or more sensor nodes that obtain sensed data from a structure. A controller receives the sensed data from the sensor nodes, via a network formed by the sensor nodes and the controller. The controller controls functionality of each of the sensor nodes, controls time synchronization among the sensor nodes, detects information collected by the sensor nodes, and communicates, utilizing an M-ary time-reversal based protocol, the detected information using a planar surface of the structure as the transmission medium for elastic waves.

A system and method for efficiently transporting data in a computing system are contemplated. In various embodiments, a computing system includes a source, a destination and multiple lanes between them for transporting data. Multiple receivers in the destination has a respective termination resistor connected to a single integrating capacitor, which provides a reference voltage to the multiple receivers. The receivers reconstruct the received data by comparing the corresponding input signals to the reference voltage. The source includes a table storing code words. The source maps a generated data word to a code word, which is sent to the destination. The destination maps the received code word to the data word. The values of the code words are selected to maintain a nearly same number of Boolean ones on the multiple lanes over time as a number of Boolean zeroes.

A memory interface may include a transmitter that generates multi-level signals made up of symbols that convey multiple bits of data. The transmitter may include a first data path for a first bit (e.g., a least significant bit (LSB)) in a symbol and a second data path for a second bit (e.g., the most significant bit (MSB)) in the symbol. Each path may include a de-emphasis or pre-emphasis buffer circuit that inverts and delays signals received at the de-emphasis or pre-emphasis buffer circuit. The delayed and inverted data signals may control de-emphasis or pre-emphasis drivers that are configured to apply de-emphasis or pre-emphasis to a multi-level signal.

A repeater includes: a reception unit that receives a signal in the form of pulses; a permission signal generating unit that detects the state of the pulses of the signal, and generates a permission signal that permits a relay of the signal when the permission signal generating unit detects the pulses, and that inhibits the relay of the signal when the permission signal generating unit detects an end of the pulses; and a transmission unit that transmits the signal during a time period permitted by the permission signal. When detecting the end of the pulses, for the permission signal, the permission signal generating unit sets a pulse re-input monitoring period for determining whether or not pulses of the signal are re-detected. When detecting the pulses of the signal during the pulse re-input monitoring period, the permission signal generating unit determines that the signal continues, and when not detecting the pulses of the signal, the permission signal generating units determines that the signal ends.

A baseband processing unit includes a baseband processor configured to receive a plurality of component carriers of a radio access technology wireless service, and a delta-sigma digitization interface configured to digitize at least one carrier signal of the plurality of component carriers into a digitized bit stream, for transport over a transport medium, by (i) oversampling the at least one carrier signal, (ii) quantizing the oversampled carrier signal into the digitized bit stream using two or fewer quantization bits.

A data transmission device includes first and second lines, and a transmitter configured to convert received binary data into ternary data and output the ternary data onto the first and second lines by toggling only one of the first and second lines during each of a plurality of consecutive 2-bit data transmission time intervals. A receiver is also provided, which is configured to receive the ternary data from the first and second lines and convert the received ternary data into binary data. The transmitter is configured to output the ternary data onto the first and second lines using return-to-zero toggling during each of the 2-bit data transmission time intervals.

An active optical cable is disclosed. According to the present disclosure, there is provided an active optical cable, having no complicated structure by obviating the need for a separate monitoring photodetector as was used for a typical optical transceiver, increasing light output-current linearity to improve optical coupling efficiency, generating a library of transmission/reception-related electro-optical characteristics of both optical modules so as to enable light outputted from a light source included in an optical transmitter to maintain high linearity over a wide range of temperatures, thereby reducing power consumption, and being applicable to a multi-level PAM technique involving at least four (4) levels.

A power transmitter includes: a first switch coupled between a first node and a reference voltage node; a second switch configured to be coupled between a power supply and the first node; a coil and a capacitor coupled in series between the first node and the reference voltage node; a first sample-and-hold (S&H) circuit having an input coupled to the first node; and a timing control circuit configured to generate a first control signal, a second control signal, and a third control signal that have a same frequency, where the first control signal is configured to turn ON and OFF the first switch alternately, the second control signal is configured to turn ON and OFF the second switch alternately, and where the third control signal determines a sampling time of the first S&H circuit and has a first pre-determined delay from a first edge of the first control signal.

A data transmission device includes first and second lines, and a transmitter configured to convert received binary data into ternary data and output the ternary data onto the first and second lines by toggling only one of the first and second lines during each of a plurality of consecutive 2-bit data transmission time intervals. A receiver is also provided, which is configured to receive the ternary data from the first and second lines and convert the received ternary data into binary data. The transmitter is configured to output the ternary data onto the first and second lines using return-to-zero toggling during each of the 2-bit data transmission time intervals.