The present invention provides a semiconductor device capable of detecting illegal data in secret data communications. A semiconductor device that transmits and receives data includes a specific bit extraction block that extracts first data from transmission data in accordance with a first rule, another specific bit extraction block that extracts second data from reception data in accordance with a second rule, and a bit pattern accumulation buffer that accumulates the first data and the second data. A scramble pattern used when scrambling the transmission data is generated by a combination of the first data and the second data accumulated in the bit pattern accumulation buffer.

A signal output circuit includes: a driver circuit including a variable current source and configured to output a multilevel signal; a replica circuit having a circuit configuration equivalent to the driver circuit; and a control circuit configured to control a characteristic of the driver circuit, based on an output signal of the replica circuit, wherein the replica circuit includes: a first replica circuit part configured to output first output signals having signal levels of a first subset of a plurality of signal levels corresponding to the multilevel signal; and a second replica circuit part configured to output second output signals having signal levels of a second subset of the plurality of signal levels, and the control circuit is configured to control a characteristic of the variable current source, based the first output signals and the second output signals.

A wireless communication device including a memory configured to store instructions; a processor coupled to the memory configured to execute the instructions stored on the memory, wherein the instructions are configured to receive a request message to update a radio access network (RAN) quantization scheme; determine an updated quantization scheme based on properties of a RAN; determine if the updated quantization scheme satisfies a RAN performance criterion; and generate a message including instructions for the updated quantization scheme.

The present disclosure is related to an optical encoder which is configured to provide precise coding reference data by feature recognition technology. To apply the present disclosure, it is not necessary to provide particular dense patterns on a working surface. The precise coding reference data can be generated by detecting surface features of the working surface.

A transmission device of the present disclosure includes: a driver unit that transmits a data signal with use of a first voltage state, a second voltage state, and a third voltage state interposed between the first voltage state and the second voltage state, and is configured to make a voltage in the third voltage state changeable; and a controller that changes the voltage in the third voltage state to cause the driver unit to perform emphasis.

A transmission device of the present disclosure includes: a driver unit that transmits a data signal with use of a first voltage state, a second voltage state, and a third voltage state interposed between the first voltage state and the second voltage state, and is configured to make a voltage in the third voltage state changeable; and a controller that changes the voltage in the third voltage state to cause the driver unit to perform emphasis.

A direct radiation wireless digital communication system based on a digital programmable metamaterial, including a transmitting system and a receiving system, where information transmitted by the transmitting system is loaded to a programmable metamaterial, and is directly radiated into free space in a form of an ever-changing far-field pattern under the illumination of a feeding antenna; the receiving system collects electric field values received by receiving antennas located at different positions of a far-field region to obtain a far-field pattern, and recovers the transmitted original information according to a mapping relationship between the far-field pattern and a coding sequence. The system does not require a digital-to-analog conversion module and a frequency mixing module. The system also features an inherent secrete communication in the physical level which protects the transmitted information from being intercepted at a single point or any random points, and has the capabilities of self-adaption and self-perception.

A method for controlling a signal envelope shape of modulation pulses in a driver of a wireless transmitter includes supplying a first voltage to the driver during a non-modulated state, supplying a second voltage configurable by a configurable modulation index value to the driver during a modulated state, switching between the non-modulated state and the modulated state comprising setting the modulation index value to configure the second voltage level at the same level as the first voltage and then switching between supplying the first voltage to the driver and supplying the second voltage to the driver, and filtering to a limited bandwidth the variations of the second voltage resulting from configuring the modulation index value.

A load drive system for driving a load supplied with power from a power line includes a control unit which controls switching between the power line and the load and a communication unit which communicates using voltage and current of the power line. When performing the switching, the control unit controls, based on a width of a transition period of the power-line current, the transition period being attributable to the switching, timing of the switching so as to move the transition period away from a center of a period corresponding to a symbol communicated by the communication unit.

Embodiments are disclosed for timing recovery used in conjunction with a phase detector embedded in a receiver of a communication system. An example method includes receiving, via a receiver of a communication system, an input signal. The input signal encodes a plurality of bits in a number of amplitude levels. The method further includes using an analog to digital converter to generate a sampled signal based on the input signal. The method further includes using a first interpolation filter to filter the sampled signal. The method further includes using a second interpolation filter to filter the sampled signal. The method further includes using a first non-linear device to process an output of the first interpolation filter. The method further includes using a second non-linear device to process an output of the second interpolation filter. The method further includes performing a mathematical operation on an output of the first non-linear device with an output of the second non-linear device to generate phase information.