This application provides a data stream processing method and a network element device. The method includes: obtaining, by a first network element device, a first data stream, where the first data stream includes a first data unit and a first data padding unit; and adjusting, by the first network element device, a quantity of second data padding units in the first data stream, where a relative position of the first data unit and the first data padding unit in the first data stream is the same as a relative position of the first data unit and the first data padding unit in a second data stream, and the second data stream is an adjusted first data stream. When adjusting a rate, the first network element device does not add or delete the first data padding unit in the first data stream.

This application provides a data stream processing method and a network element device. The method includes: obtaining, by a first network element device, a first data stream, where the first data stream includes a first data unit and a first data padding unit; and adjusting, by the first network element device, a quantity of second data padding units in the first data stream, where a relative position of the first data unit and the first data padding unit in the first data stream is the same as a relative position of the first data unit and the first data padding unit in a second data stream, and the second data stream is an adjusted first data stream. When adjusting a rate, the first network element device does not add or delete the first data padding unit in the first data stream.

It is described a modulator apparatus (3) comprising: an input terminal (23) structured to receive an analog electrical signal (x(t)) having an information content to be transmitted; a loop filter structured to receive an error signal ((t) and provide a filtered signal (s(t)), the loop filter being configured to minimize said error signal ((t)); a modulator device (10) configured to module the filtered signal (s(t)) and provide a Pulse Width Modulated, PWM, signal (y(t)) to be transmitted including a plurality of pulses having corresponding widths correlated to non-quantized amplitudes of the filtered signal (s(t)); a first pulse width demodulator (11) configured to receive the PWM, signal (y(t)) and provide a demodulated signal ((t)) and a difference module (12) configured to receive the analog electrical signal (x(t)) and the demodulated signal ((t)) and provide the error signal ((t)).

A data communication system, including master-side and slave-side data communication apparatuses configured to perform bidirectional communication with each other via a single-wire communication line. The master-side data communication apparatus includes first and second transistors performing switching according respectively to an input clock and write data, and a master-side data reproduction circuit reproducing read data transmitted from the slave-side. The slave-side data communication apparatus includes a clock reproduction circuit and a slave-side data reproduction circuit configured to respectively reproduce the input clock and the write data transmitted from the master-side, and a third transistor performing switching both according to the input clock reproduced by the clock reproduction circuit and according to the read data.

A data communication system, including master-side and slave-side data communication apparatuses configured to perform bidirectional communication with each other via a single-wire communication line. The master-side data communication apparatus includes first and second transistors performing switching according respectively to an input clock and write data, and a master-side data reproduction circuit reproducing read data transmitted from the slave-side. The slave-side data communication apparatus includes a clock reproduction circuit and a slave-side data reproduction circuit configured to respectively reproduce the input clock and the write data transmitted from the master-side, and a third transistor performing switching both according to the input clock reproduced by the clock reproduction circuit and according to the read data.

A transmission device includes a first signal processing circuit configured to average transmission quality of a first data signal based on a third data signal, a second signal processing circuit configured to average transmission quality of a second data signal based on a fourth data signal; and a processor configured to allocate a channel in a transmission path that transmits the first data signal and a channel in a transmission path that transmits the second data signal, based on a first index value indicating transmission quality of a first optical signal in the transmission path, the first optical signal being generated based on the averaged first data signal and a second index value indicating transmission quality of a second optical signal in the transmission path, the second optical signal being generated based on the averaged second data signal.

A hybrid voltage mode (VM) and current mode (CM) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) transmitter circuits (a.k.a. drivers) is calibrated using a configurable replica circuit and calibration control circuitry. The replica circuit includes an on-chip termination impedance to mimic a receiver's termination impedance. The amount of level enhancement provided by the current mode circuitry is calibrated by adjusting the current provided to the output node and sunk from the output node by the replica current mode circuitry while the replica voltage mode circuitry is driving an intermediate PAM-4 level. After the level enhancement has been set, the non-linearity between levels is calibrated by adjusting the amount of current provided to the output node by the replica current mode circuitry while the replica voltage mode circuitry is driving a maximum output voltage level.

Methods, systems, and devices for pre-distortion of multi-level signaling are described. A device may identify two multi-level signals that are to be transmitted over two transmission lines at the same time. The device may estimate the crosstalk expected to be caused by one of the multi-level signals on the other during propagation. Based on the expected crosstalk, the device may generate a signal that compensates for the expected crosstalk. In some examples, the signal may be a combination of the first signal and a cancelation signal. In some examples, once the compensated signal has been generated, it is transmitted over its respective transmission line at the same time that the other multi-level is transmitted over its respective transmission line.

A method of communicating information from a sensor concerning a received signal, comprising: responsive to receiving by at least one detecting sensor, during a defined time interval, data indicative of an entire data of a frequency band received by it during the defined time interval, comprising at least one signal emitted at least one emitter, and to detecting of the emitted signal by the at least one detecting sensor, sending from the sensor assistance information corresponding to the detected emitted signal during the defined time interval, to at least one non-detecting sensor. This information can be utilized by the non-detecting sensor to perform an action with respect to data indicative of an entire data of the frequency band received by the non-detecting sensor during a corresponding defined time interval, the action corresponding to at least one emitted signal received by the non-detecting sensor during the corresponding defined time interval.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In a multilevel encoding scheme, a transmitting device may divide a stream of information bits in a message into multiple substreams, and the transmitting device may input each substream to a different level of an encoder such that each substream is encoded separately. The transmitting device may also input excess bits to some levels of the encoder to add physical layer security to the message. To improve the chances that a receiving device is able to correctly decode the message, the receiving device may be configured to identify the levels at which the excess bits are encoded. Accordingly, the receiving device may be able to decode the information bits in the message and avoid attempting to decode the excess bits in the message as information bits.