Upon receipt of a coherent optical signal that includes a training signal generated using a code sequence constituted by multi-value phase modulation symbols, in which a deviation angle of a vector average of a one-symbol delay differential component of a signal generated on the basis of the code sequence has a prescribed angle and a modulation phase difference between adjacent symbols has a fixed, repeated pattern, a reception training signal corresponding to a training code sequence for frequency offset estimation is detected within a reception signal acquired by converting the received coherent optical signal into an electric signal, a plurality of delay differential components are calculated on the basis of the detected reception training signal and at least two delay signals of the reception training signal, each delay signal having a different number of delay symbols, and an averaged frequency offset amount is calculated using the calculated plurality of delay differential components.

There is disclosed a transmitting node for a Radio Access Network, the transmitting node being adapted for transmitting, based on one or more transmission parameters, of reference signaling, and/or signaling including reference signaling, wherein the reference signaling comprises phase tracking reference signaling, and the one or more transmission parameters comprise a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

A signal processing method, a device and a communication device are provided. A signal processing method, applied to a first communication device and including: a first communication device sending a first reference signal to a second communication device; where the first reference signal is used for an automatic gain control measurement of at least two ports of the first reference signal and at least one of: a frequency offset estimation; a channel state information measurement; or a channel estimation.

Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.

Upon receiving a communications signal conveying symbols at a symbol period T, a receiver applies filter coefficients to a digital representation of the communications signal, thereby generating filtered signals having a shape in the frequency domain characterized by a bandwidth expansion factor α, where components of the filtered signals correspond to angular frequencies $\omega =-\frac{\pi \left(1+\alpha \right)}{T}\mathrm{.Math.}-\frac{\pi \left(1-\alpha \right)}{T},+\frac{\pi \left(1-\alpha \right)}{T}\mathrm{.Math.}+\frac{\pi \left(1+\alpha \right)}{T}.$
The receiver calculates first-order components from a first phase derivative of the components at a first differential distance, second-order components from a second phase derivative of the first-order components at a second differential distance, and composite second-order components from an average of the second-order components over multiple time in

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive a first indication of a set of reference signal instances within a set of resources. The UE may receive a second indication of a resource element format of a reference signal instance of the set of reference signal instances, the resource element format including one or more null resource elements and one or more reference signal resource elements. The UE may additionally receive, from a base station, a reference signal for estimating carrier frequency offset (CFO) based on the first indication of the set of reference signal instances and the second indication of the resource element format of the reference signal instance. The UE may then communicate with the base station based on receiving the reference signal.

A wireless communication device includes frequency hopping means for changing a radio frequency based on a temporarily defined pattern, and a frequency offset compensation unit. The frequency offset compensation unit includes a frequency offset calculator that calculates a frequency offset amount from a received signal, a hopping frequency value converter that uses the frequency offset amount, a radio frequency from which the frequency offset amount is calculated, and a transition destination radio frequency transitioned by the frequency hopping means to calculate an estimated frequency offset value for the transition destination radio frequency, and a rotator that uses the estimated frequency offset value for the transition destination radio frequency to perform phase rotation on the received signal.

Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.

Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.

Joint estimation of the framer index and the frequency offset in an optical communication system are described among various other features. A transmitter can transmit data frames using pilot and framer symbols. A receiver can estimate the framer index and frequency offset using the pilot and framer symbols, and identify the beginning of a header portion of a data frame. By identifying the beginning of the header portion of a data frame, the receiver can then process data received from the transmitter in a manner synchronous to the manner in which the data was transmitted by the transmitter.