Disclosed herein is a method for transmitting a demodulation reference signal for an uplink control signal in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method performed by a terminal includes: generating a low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) sequence based on a length-6 sequence; generating a sequence used for the demodulation reference signal based on the low PAPR sequence; and transmitting, to a base station, the demodulation reference signal based on the sequence used for the demodulation reference signal, in which the length-6 sequence has an 8-phase shift keying (PSK) symbol as each element of a sequence.

A testing device and a method for testing a device under test are provided. The testing device comprises at least two signal generators, at least two numerically controlled oscillators, at least two white gaussian noise generators, at least two digital filters, each of which comprising a respective transfer function H.sub.i, at least two adders, at least two digital-to-analog converters, and an analog processor.

Disclosed herein is a method for transmitting a demodulation reference signal for an uplink control signal in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method performed by a terminal includes: generating a low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) sequence based on a length-6 sequence; generating a sequence used for the demodulation reference signal based on the low PAPR sequence; and transmitting, to a base station, the demodulation reference signal based on the sequence used for the demodulation reference signal, in which the length-6 sequence has an 8-phase shift keying (PSK) symbol as each element of a sequence.

Provided is a precoding method for generating, from a plurality of baseband signals, a plurality of precoded signals to be transmitted over the same frequency bandwidth at the same time, including the steps of selecting a matrix F[i] from among N matrices, which define precoding performed on the plurality of baseband signals, while switching between the N matrices, i being an integer from 0 to N−1, and N being an integer at least two, generating a first precoded signal z1 and a second precoded signal z2, generating a first encoded block and a second encoded block using a predetermined error correction block encoding method, generating a baseband signal with M symbols from the first encoded block and a baseband signal with M symbols the second encoded block, and precoding a combination of the generated baseband signals to generate a precoded signal having M slots.

A gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) detector comprising a multi-symbol detector; at least three Viterbi decoders, and a timing adjustment module. The multi-symbol detector receives a series of samples representing a received GFSK modulated signal which comprises at least three samples per symbol; and generates, for each set of samples representing an N-symbol sequence of the GFSK modulated signal, at least three sets of soft decisions values, each set of soft decision values indicating the probability that the N-symbol sequence of samples is each possible N-symbol pattern based on a different one of the at least three samples of a symbol being a centre sample of the symbol. Each Viterbi decoder generates, for each N-symbol sequence, a path metric for each possible N-symbol pattern from a different set of soft decision values according to a Viterbi decoding algorithm. The timing adjustment module generates a timing adjustment signal based on the path metrics generated by the Viterbi decoders to adjust the sample timing.

Embodiments described herein provide a method for null data packet transmission. An information symbol is obtained for transmission in a null data packet. A set of tones for transmitting the information symbol is obtained and divided into a first subset of tones and a second subset of tones. A first value is transmitted over the first subset of tones and a second value is transmitted over the second subset of tones to indicate a feedback information bit of zero from the information symbol. A third value is transmitted over the first subset of tones and a fourth value is transmitted over the second subset of tones to indicate a feedback information bit of one from the information symbol.

The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for wireless communication. Aspects of the present disclosure can determine a matrix or Hadamard matrix associated with signal transmission, the matrix or Hadamard matrix including M rows and M columns. Also, aspects of the present disclosure can determine a sampling function for generating a set of sequences from the matrix or Hadamard matrix. Aspects of the present disclosure can also generate the set of sequences by sampling one of a set of rows or a set of columns based on the determined sampling function. Aspects of the present disclosure can also transmit a signal derived based on at least one sequence of the set of sequences.

A periodic phase modulation, having a period shorter than a symbol period, is applied as a source modulation, in addition to a symbol modulation, to signals transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver in a communication network. Symbol value elements can be sent from multiple transmitters (203, 303, 603, 703) to a receiver (607, 207) in the same symbol period can be processed on the basis of the source modulation without destructive interference. In some embodiments, the symbol value elements sent by different transmitters can be combined in the receiver. In some embodiments, symbol value elements sent by different transmitters can be distinguished in the receiver.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed for watermarking using starting phase modulation. An example apparatus includes memory, and processor circuitry to execute instructions to at least determine a first analyzed phase value for a watermark component of a watermarked media signal at a first time, determine a sum of differences for analyzed phase values with respect to a first one of a plurality of possible starting phase values, the analyzed phase values associated with the watermarked media signal, the analyzed phase values including the first analyzed phase value, in response to the sum of differences satisfying a threshold, decode a first data value corresponding to the first one of the possible starting phase values, and determine a watermark payload based on the first data value.

A gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) detector comprising a multi-symbol detector; at least three Viterbi decoders, and a timing adjustment module. The multi-symbol detector receives a series of samples representing a received GFSK modulated signal which comprises at least three samples per symbol; and generates, for each set of samples representing an N-symbol sequence of the GFSK modulated signal, at least three sets of soft decisions values, each set of soft decision values indicating the probability that the N-symbol sequence of samples is each possible N-symbol pattern based on a different one of the at least three samples of a symbol being a centre sample of the symbol. Each Viterbi decoder generates, for each N-symbol sequence, a path metric for each possible N-symbol pattern from a different set of soft decision values according to a Viterbi decoding algorithm. The timing adjustment module generates a timing adjustment signal based on the path metrics generated by the Viterbi decoders to adjust the sample timing.