Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive an indication of a non-linearity model associated with one or more downlink communications. The UE may receive the one or more downlink communications based at least in part on the non-linearity model. Numerous other aspects are described.

The present disclosure relates to a method (50) for transmitting a data stream from a transmitting device (30) to a receiving device (40), the data stream comprising m data sub-streams, said method (50) comprising: encoding (S51) the data sub-streams with respective polar codes, such as to produce m polar-encoded data sub-streams, modulating (S52) the m polar-encoded data sub-streams onto symbols of a multilevel modulation comprising m levels defining 2.sup.m different symbols, such as to produce a symbol stream, transmitting (S53) the symbol stream to the receiving device (40), wherein the 2.sup.m symbols of the multilevel modulation are distributed in the complex plane such that they are regularly spaced along the real axis and the complex axis by a spacing factor K, the predetermined labeling function Z being such that Φ (Z)<1.7.sup.m×(0.0425×m−0.06), expression in which:

This application provides an encoding method. The encoding method includes: first, splitting obtained to-be-encoded data into phase data and amplitude data according to a preset rule; then, obtaining a constellation diagram corresponding to the to-be-encoded data, where the constellation diagram includes a plurality of constellation points, the plurality of constellation points include a constellation point with an amplitude value of 0, each constellation point has a corresponding probability value, and the probability value indicates an occurrence probability of the corresponding constellation point; then, performing probabilistic constellation shaping encoding on the amplitude data based on the constellation diagram and the probability value corresponding to each constellation point, to obtain at least one group of symbol sequences; and then combining the at least one group of symbol sequences and the phase data, and then performing encoding, to obtain output data.

An apparatus for a station (STA) configured for operating in a next-generation (NG) wireless local area network (WLAN) comprises the processing circuitry configured to modify probabilities of constellation points to generate a more Gaussian distribution. In these embodiments, for LDPC framing and OFDM packing, the transmitter circuitry may be configured to compute a number of output bits (b.sub.out) to be transmitted based on a number of payload bits (b.sub.in) at an output of a shaping encoder, a shaping rate (r.sub.shaping), and an overhead percent (B.sub.overhead). A shaping gain of up to 1.53 dB may be achieved. A new shaping encoder is provided to address the issue that the number of bits is not fixed.

A radio-frequency circuit that conveys a radio-frequency signal that is of a predetermined frequency band and modulated using 256-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). The magnitude slope, which is the ratio of (i) the change in a magnitude ratio between an input signal and an output signal to (ii) the change in the frequency of the input signal, is at least −0.1 dB/MHz and at most 0.1 dB/MHz in the predetermined frequency band.

A shaping encoder capable of improving the performance of PCS in nonlinear optical channels by performing the shaping in two or more stages. In an example embodiment, a first stage employs a shaping code of a relatively short block length, which is typically beneficial for nonlinear optical channels but may cause a significant penalty in the energy efficiency. A second stage then employs a shaping code of a much larger block length, which significantly reduces or erases the penalty associated with the short block length of the first stage while providing an additional benefit of good performance in substantially linear optical channels. In at least some embodiments, the shaping encoder may have relatively low circuit-implementation complexity and/or relatively low cost and provide relatively high energy efficiency and relatively high shaping gain for a variety of optical channels, including but not limited to the legacy dispersion-managed fiber-optic links.

Architectures for inter-converting bitstreams and symbol streams of PAM and/or QAM constellations of different sizes that are not base-2 integers. Some of such constellations may be Gray-coded, and the constellation mapping may be performed to achieve an equiprobable distribution of different constellation symbols. Some embodiments may be compatible with FEC schemes. In an example embodiment, a transmitter DSP may employ a conventional constellation mapper preceded by an electronic encoder programmed to exclude some constellation-symbol labels from the bitstream applied to the mapper. In different embodiments, the electronic encoder may employ a CCDM and/or a long-division operation to select some amplitudes of the constellation and to exclude others. At least some embodiments are beneficially capable of achieving a smaller gap to the Shannon limit than comparable conventional solutions.

Modulated signal A is transmitted from a first antenna, and modulated signal B is transmitted from a second antenna. As modulated signal B, modulated symbols S2(i) and S2(i+1) obtained from different data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. In contrast, as modulated signal A, modulated symbols S1(i) and S1(i)′ obtained by changing the signal point arrangement of the same data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. As a result the reception quality can be changed intentionally at time i and time i+1, and therefore using the demodulation result of modulated signal A of a time when the reception quality is good enables both modulated signals A and B to be demodulated with good error rate performances.

Performing distributed Remote PHY scheduling operations. A low latency scheduler is disposed within or in proximity to a Remote PHY node. Upon identifying that a particular data flow qualifies for processing by the low latency scheduler, the low latency scheduler performs upstream Remote PHY scheduling operations for the particular data flow using a one or more dedicated channels that are designated as low latency channels. The Remote PHY upstream scheduling operations define when data may be transmitted by a Cable Modem (CM) to a Converged Cable Access Platform (CCAP) Core. A centralized scheduler is also located at the CCAP Core. The centralized scheduler performs Remote PHY upstream scheduling operations for all data flows which have not been identified as qualifying for processing by the low latency scheduler.

This application provides a signal sending method, a signal receiving method, and a related apparatus. The method includes: modulating a bit stream to generate a modulated symbol, where a modulation order of the bit stream is n, a value of the modulated symbol is one of a plurality of complex number sets, the complex number set includes Y = 2.sup.n complex numbers, and the complex number set meets: a ratio of a real part of a first complex number with a largest absolute value of the real part to a real part of a second complex number with a smallest absolute value of the real part is equal to M:N, where M and N are positive integers, a greatest common divisor of M and N is 1.