A multi-carrier data communications system and method having high spectral efficiency. The method includes encoding input digital data at selected phase angles of a plurality of sinusoidal waveforms to create a plurality of modulated sinusoidal waveforms. An output analog waveform is generated where the output analog waveform includes a plurality of encoded analog communication signals corresponding to a plurality of digital representations of the plurality of modulated sinusoidal waveforms. The encoding is performed so that adjacent ones of the plurality of modulated sinusoidal waveforms are separated in frequency by less than 15 Hz and any sideband included within the output analog waveform is of a power at least 50 dB below a power of the encoded analog communication signal associated with the sideband.

Provided are a reference signal configuration method and device, and a storage medium. The method includes that: a modulation mode of a data sequence is determined; a modulation mode of a reference signal sequence is determined according to the modulation mode of the data sequence, where a constellation diagram of the reference signal sequence is associated with a time domain position.

Probabilistic shaping quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) based on Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is particularly important in coherent optical communication, which can approach the Shannon limit more desirably in the case of a finite signal-to-noise ratio. However, standard coherent optical digital signal processing algorithms are not optimal for demodulation of PS higher-order QAM signals. The invention provides a probabilistic shaping QAM dynamic equalization method that intercepts multiple inner rings after clock recovery and updates the convergence radius and area of a conventional blind dynamic channel equalization algorithm using a peak density K-means clustering algorithm. The clustering algorithm gives centroid labels and a quantity of classifications required for K-means, which does not require a large number of iterations of K-means, thereby reducing the complexity and improving the accuracy. The updated decision area and decision radius reduce errors in the dynamic equalization algorithm, thereby improving the accuracy of probabilistic shaping QAM digital signal processing.

A method for modulation in a transmitter for transmitting a signal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step for determining a modulation scheme; a step for, if the determined modulation scheme corresponds to a specific modulation scheme, converting encoded information bits to quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols in accordance with a predetermined QAM modulation order, selecting a sequence corresponding to an element of an integer vector in a predetermined sequence set, repeating the converted QAM symbols for a predetermined sequence length, and outputting signals by multiplying the repeated QAM symbols and the selected sequence; and a step for transmitting the outputted signals to a receiver.

Methods for communicating are disclosed. A method includes obtaining at least one input communication symbol selected from a set of communication symbols, converting the at least one input communication symbol into at least one transmittable waveform using at least one defined spiral waveform function, and transmitting the at least one transmittable waveform over a communication channel. Example spiral waveform functions include spline-based piecewise functions and Archimedes spiral functions.

A network apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a receiver configured to receive, from a user terminal, channel state information corresponding to a channel state of a downlink signal from a cell to which the user terminal is connected, to the user terminal; a controller configured to determine transmission frequency of the channel state information; and a transmitter configured to transmit, to the user terminal, frequency information indicating the transmission frequency determined by the controller. The controller determines the transmission frequency of the user terminal on the basis of fixation information indicating that the user terminal is a fixed user terminal whose movement is restricted.

Methods, systems, and devices for modulation and coding scheme selection and configuration. A mobile communication device includes a table component, a table selection component, and a communication component. The table component is configured to maintain two or more tables each having entries for a plurality of available modulation schemes. The two or more tables include a default table and a secondary table. The default table and the secondary table have a matching number of entries, and the secondary table includes an entry corresponding to a 256-QAM scheme. The table selection component is configured to select a selected table from one of the default table and the secondary table. The communication component is configured to receive and process a communication from a base station based on a modulation and coding scheme of the selected table.

A data processing apparatus, a data processing method, and a program are disclosed. They improve communication performance by performing bit interleaving suitable for a modulation method that is a non-uniform constellation. One example of a data processing apparatus includes a mapping unit configured to generate a second bit sequence by mapping a first bit sequence to any symbol on a complex plane corresponding to a NUC modulation method, an inter-symbol interleaving unit configured to generate a third bit sequence by performing inter-symbol interleaving to the second bit sequence, an intra-symbol interleaving unit configured to generate a fourth bit sequence by performing intra-symbol interleaving for shifting M bits as a whole of the third bit sequence per a same number of M bits as the bit number M representing the symbol, and a modulation unit configured to wirelessly transmit the fourth bit sequence according to the NUC modulation method.

One exemplary embodiment can describe a method for communicating. This can include identifying a set of nonlinear functions used to generate waveforms; generating, a plurality of waveforms having substantially identical amplitudes and substantially identical phases, and designating this plurality of waveforms as a plurality of reference signals; encoding at least one bit of traffic data in an attribute of a waveform; selecting a reference symbol (refbol) that encodes the at least one bit of traffic data; transmitting the refbol as a waveform from a transmitter; receiving the refbol at a receiver; and decoding the refbol.

5G and 6G wireless networks can use artificial intelligence models to optimize performance by measuring the rate of message faults, and in particular the rate of various types of faults. For example, the amplitude faults include a modulation amplitude distorted by a small or large amplitude change, and whether the faults cluster in the high or low amplitude modulation portions of a constellation chart, among many other inputs related to network operations. The artificial intelligence model can be configured to predict the subsequent network performance according to each modulation scheme available to the network, thereby enabling the network to select a more effective modulation scheme. Alternatively, the artificial intelligence model can select the preferred modulation scheme and recommend the change to the network operators, or it can implement the change automatically if enabled to do so.