A packet processing method and a gateway device are provided. The method includes: A first gateway device receives, by using a first link, a first one-arm BFD echo packet returned by a network device, where the first one-arm BFD echo packet includes identification information, and the identification information is used to uniquely identify a second gateway device. The first gateway device determines, based on the identification information, to forward the first one-arm BFD echo packet to the second gateway device. The first gateway device sends the first one-arm BFD echo packet to the second gateway device. The network device is multi-homed connected to the first gateway device and the second gateway device. The first gateway device and the second gateway device form a multi-active gateway. According to the method, efficiency of detecting, by using a one-arm BFD echo session in a VXLAN multi-active gateway scenario is improved.

An example method of detecting device malfunctions at a subject device includes: obtaining a device event indicator representing an event detected at a device sensor of the subject device; obtaining an external event indicator representing an external event detected by an environmental sensor, the external event occurring external to the subject device; and identifying a device malfunction at the subject device based on the device event indicator and the external event indicator.

Methods, systems, and computer-readable media are disclosed for utilizing unused network capacity for prefetch requests. One method includes: receiving, over a network, network traffic information from a network provider of the network; determining a threshold value for prefetch request fulfillment based on the received network traffic information; receiving, over the network, a plurality of prefetch requests from an application running on a mobile device connected to the network of the network provider; determining, for each prefetch request of the plurality of prefetch requests, a score for the prefetch request based on the received plurality of prefetch requests; and responding to, for each prefetch request of the plurality of prefetch requests, the prefetch request based on the determined threshold value and the determined score for the prefetch request.

Methods, systems, and computer-readable media are disclosed for utilizing unused network capacity for prefetch requests. One method includes: receiving, over a network, network traffic information from a network provider of the network; determining a threshold value for prefetch request fulfillment based on the received network traffic information; receiving, over the network, a plurality of prefetch requests from an application running on a mobile device connected to the network of the network provider; determining, for each prefetch request of the plurality of prefetch requests, a score for the prefetch request based on the received plurality of prefetch requests; and responding to, for each prefetch request of the plurality of prefetch requests, the prefetch request based on the determined threshold value and the determined score for the prefetch request.

In various examples, a system identifies a first issue object associated with the alert by making a first set of determinations, based on an alert of an active issue of a system resource. Additionally, the system can determine whether the active issue associated with the first issue object can be automatically corrected by one or more self-healing processes, based on the first issue object. Moreover, the system can implement the one or more self-healing processes, based on determining that the active issue associated with the first issue object can be automatically corrected by one or more self-healing processes.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for improving the reliability of service function (SF) application in a service function chain (SFC) are provided. In some aspects, the subject technology facilitates automatic service function type validation by a service function forwarder (SFF), for example, by using a probe configured to query a function type of a SF module associated with the validating SFF.

A system may include sensor device comprising a sensor configured to measure sensor data indicating an operational parameter of industrial automation equipment associated with an industrial automation process. The system may also include communication circuitry configured to transmit the sensor data. Additionally, the system includes a processor configured to receive the sensor data. Further, the system includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed, are configured to cause the processor to perform operations including identifying an operational state of the industrial automation equipment based on the sensor data. The operations may also include determining a discrepancy between the sensor data and the operational state. Further, the operations may include modifying an operation of the processor from a first operational mode to a second operational mode of a plurality of operational based on the comparison.

Methods and systems for determining traffic information for devices along one or more routes are described. A content server may send a message to a plurality of devices along a route. The message may comprise an indication requesting each of the devices to send, to the content server, status information regarding the respective device. Intermediary devices may receive the message, respond with the requested information, and forward the message through the route. The message may comprise a stateless messaging protocol message such as an ICMP or UDP packet.

Methods and systems for determining traffic information for devices along one or more routes are described. A content server may send a message to a plurality of devices along a route. The message may comprise an indication requesting each of the devices to send, to the content server, status information regarding the respective device. Intermediary devices may receive the message, respond with the requested information, and forward the message through the route. The message may comprise a stateless messaging protocol message such as an ICMP or UDP packet.

Techniques for identifying and remedying performance issues of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) are discussed. An example method includes outputting a request to a network Element Manager (EM) to create a Virtualized Network Function (VNF) Performance Measurement (PM) job to collect VNF PM data from a VNF and receiving a set of VNF PM data associated with the VNF from the EM. The set of VNF PM data is processed associated with the VNF. A request to the EM is output to create a Virtualization Resource (VR) PM job to collect, through a VNF Manager (VNFM) and a virtualized infrastructure manager (VIM), VR PM data from a VR used by the VNF. Then a set of VR PM data is received from the EM and processed.