An information processing apparatus includes: a sub controller; a main controller; and a communication interface, the main controller being configured to detect a trigger to start the sleep mode, then create port-dependent TCP packet patterns and port-dependent UDP packet patterns, the port-dependent TCP packet patterns being packet patterns specifying all in-use TCP ports, the port-dependent UDP packet patterns being packet patterns specifying all in-use UDP ports, determine that a total number of the port-dependent UDP packet patterns and the port-dependent TCP packet patterns exceeds a maximum value, then delete all the port-dependent TCP packet patterns, create port-independent TCP packet patterns for different TCP protocols, respectively, the port-independent TCP packet pattern being one packet pattern specifying no TCP port, and supply the port-dependent UDP packet patterns and the port-independent TCP packet patterns to the sub controller, and start the sleep mode.

A network quality measurement method includes obtaining feature parameter of a to-be-measured data packet set, where the to-be-measured data packet set is in a packet flow and is based on an encrypted transmission protocol, the to-be-measured data packet set includes at least two to-be-measured data packets, and the feature parameter are parameter read from headers of the to-be-measured data packets based on the encrypted transmission protocol, determining a data transmission mode of the to-be-measured data packet set based on the feature parameter of the to-be-measured data packet set, determining, based on the data transmission mode, a measurement index of network quality measurement, and performing, based on the measurement index, the network quality measurement on the to-be-measured data packets corresponding to the feature parameter.

An apparatus for load balancing based on available bandwidth estimation includes a bandwidth module configured to determine for a networking device a first available bandwidth estimate for a first egress port and a second available bandwidth estimate for a second egress port, a load balancing module configured to select the first egress port as a selected port in response to determining that the first available bandwidth estimate of the first egress port exceeds a predetermined level and to select the second egress port as the selected port in response to determining that the available bandwidth estimate of the first egress port does not exceed the predetermined level and that the second available bandwidth estimate of the second egress port exceeds the predetermined level, and a transmission module configured to transmit a packet from the selected port. A method and network switching device work similarly to the apparatus.

A synchronization protocol for multi-premises hosting of digital content items. In an embodiment, a method includes receiving a first commit request including a first set of one or more identifiers of one or more first content item blocks. The one or more first content item blocks make up a content item stored at a computing device. Further, the method includes, based at least in part on the first commit request, determining a second set of one or more identifiers that includes one or more identifiers of the first set of one or more identifiers not yet stored at a content item block server. The method also includes sending, to the computing device, the second set of one or more identifiers, and receiving a second commit request including the first set of one or more identifiers of the one or more first content item blocks, and an identifier of the content item block server. In this embodiment, the method then includes determining that no content item block from the one or more first content item blocks is missing at the content item block server, and committing the content item to the content item block server.

A data transmission method and related apparatuses are disclosed. A sanding node transmits a plurality of data packets to a receiving node at an initial transmission rate. Each data packet carries a random sequence number and a rolling sequence number. The random sequence number identifies a data part of the data packet, and the rolling sequence number indicates a transmission sequence of the data packet. The sending node receives a packet loss feedback from the receiving node. The packet loss feedback is generated after the receiving node detects a packet loss event according to rolling sequence numbers of received data packets. The sending node determines a random sequence number of a lost data packet based on the received packet loss feedback. The sending node transmits a replacement data packet to the receiving node. The replacement data packet carries a different rolling sequence number.

A peer-to-peer synchronization protocol for multi-premises hosting of digital content items. In one embodiment, for example, a method comprises the operations of: receiving, from a peer computing device, a peer download advertisement comprising an identifier of a content item namespace in association with a peer client journal cursor value; receiving, from a server, one or more server journal entries, each identifying one or more content item blocks of a content item represented by the server journal entry and each having a server journal cursor value; and for at least one server journal entry, downloading, from the peer computing device, at least one content item block of the content item represented by the server journal entry that is not already stored at the computing device.

Example methods are provided for a first endpoint to perform congestion control during communication with a second endpoint over a public network, the second endpoint being in a private network. The method may comprise generating a plurality of tunnel segments containing unreliable transport protocol data destined for the second endpoint; and determining whether congestion control is required based on a data amount of the plurality of tunnel segments and a congestion window associated with a tunnel connecting the first endpoint with the private network. The method may further comprise, in response to determination that congestion control is required, performing congestion control by dropping at least some of the plurality of tunnel segments; otherwise, sending the plurality of tunnel segments through the tunnel supported by the reliable transport protocol connection.

A data transmission acceleration method and related apparatuses are disclosed. A sanding node transmits a plurality of data packets to a receiving node at an initial transmission rate. Each data packet carries a random sequence number and a rolling sequence number. The random sequence number identifies a data part of the data packet, and the rolling sequence number indicates a transmission sequence of the data packet. The sending node receives a packet loss feedback from the receiving node. The packet loss feedback is generated after the receiving node detects a packet loss event according to a rolling sequence number of a received data packet. The sending node determines a random sequence number of a lost data packet based on the received packet loss feedback. The sending node retransmits a data packet corresponding to the determined random sequence number. The retransmitted data packet carries a new rolling sequence number.

A collaborative transmission method and a transmission device based on UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) connections are provided. The collaborative transmission method comprises: calculating a first rate and obtaining a first parameter, wherein the first rate is a rate using TCP to transmit packets and the first parameter is associated with the variation degree of the first rate; after obtaining the first rate, calculating a number of packets to be sent according to a target bit rate, the first parameter, the first rate, and a packet size, wherein the number of packets to be sent is the number of packets expected to be transmitted via UDP; and determining to use either UDP or TCP to send the packet according to a transmission flag and updating the number of packets to be sent when the packet number is not zero.

Techniques for oscillatory complementary network property calibration of a network connection can be implemented by measuring a first network property (e.g., latency or bandwidth output) as a function of bandwidth input and performing statistical analysis to determine a correlation. If a non-zero correlation coefficient is detected, a second network property complementary to the first network property can be measured to determine a first value of the second network property. Likewise, the second network property can be measured as a function of bandwidth input to determine a second correlation which, if positive, may indicate how to determine a second value of the first network property. The first value and the second value can be utilized to determine a third value of a third network property (e.g., network latency and network capacity utilized to determine bandwidth-delay product).