Apparatus and methods are disclosed for implementing bandwidth throttling to regulate network traffic as can be used in, for example, vulnerability scanning and detection applications in a computer network environment. According to one embodiment, a method of routing network packets in a networked device having plural network interfaces combines applying traffic class and network interface throttling for marking network packets with a differentiated service code based on input received from a profiler application, throttling the bandwidth of network packets based on a threshold for a designated network interface for the packet, throttling the bandwidth of the bandwidth-throttled packets based on a threshold for its respective differentiated service code, and emitting network packets on each respective designated network interface.

Apparatus and methods are disclosed for implementing bandwidth throttling to regulate network traffic as can be used in, for example, vulnerability scanning and detection applications in a computer network environment. According to one embodiment, a method of routing network packets in a networked device having plural network interfaces combines applying traffic class and network interface throttling for marking network packets with a differentiated service code based on input received from a profiler application, throttling the bandwidth of network packets based on a threshold for a designated network interface for the packet, throttling the bandwidth of the bandwidth-throttled packets based on a threshold for its respective differentiated service code, and emitting network packets on each respective designated network interface.

Methods and apparatus for low latency operation in user space networking architectures. In one embodiment, an apparatus configured to enable low latency data transfer is disclosed. The exemplary embodiment provides a multiplexer that allocates a fixed portion of network bandwidth for low latency traffic. Low latency traffic is routed without the benefit of general-purpose packet processing. In one embodiment, network extensions for low latency operations are described. Specifically, an agent is described that enables low latency applications to negotiate for low latency access. In one embodiment, mechanisms for providing channel event notifications are described. Channel event notifications enable corrective action/packet processing by the low latency application. In one embodiment, mechanisms for providing interface advisory information are described. Interface advisory information may be provided asynchronously to assist in low latency operation.

Methods and apparatus for low latency operation in user space networking architectures. In one embodiment, an apparatus configured to enable low latency data transfer is disclosed. The exemplary embodiment provides a multiplexer that allocates a fixed portion of network bandwidth for low latency traffic. Low latency traffic is routed without the benefit of general-purpose packet processing. In one embodiment, network extensions for low latency operations are described. Specifically, an agent is described that enables low latency applications to negotiate for low latency access. In one embodiment, mechanisms for providing channel event notifications are described. Channel event notifications enable corrective action/packet processing by the low latency application. In one embodiment, mechanisms for providing interface advisory information are described. Interface advisory information may be provided asynchronously to assist in low latency operation.

Provided are an apparatus and a method for allocating a bandwidth for providing a low-latency fronthaul service in a passive optical network. An bandwidth allocating method performed by a bandwidth allocating apparatus included in an OLT includes receiving an actual report message requesting bandwidth allocation from at least one ONU for wired subscribers connected to the OLT, receiving radio scheduling information for at least one ONU for mobile connected to the OLT from a central unit (CU)/digital unit (DU), generating a virtual report message using the radio scheduling information received from the CU/DU, allocating a transmission bandwidth for the at least one ONU for wired subscribers and the at least one ONU for mobile through the received actual report message and the generated virtual report message, and transmitting the allocated transmission bandwidth to the ONU for wired subscribers and the ONU for mobile using a grant message.

Provided are an apparatus and a method for allocating a bandwidth for providing a low-latency fronthaul service in a passive optical network. An bandwidth allocating method performed by a bandwidth allocating apparatus included in an OLT includes receiving an actual report message requesting bandwidth allocation from at least one ONU for wired subscribers connected to the OLT, receiving radio scheduling information for at least one ONU for mobile connected to the OLT from a central unit (CU)/digital unit (DU), generating a virtual report message using the radio scheduling information received from the CU/DU, allocating a transmission bandwidth for the at least one ONU for wired subscribers and the at least one ONU for mobile through the received actual report message and the generated virtual report message, and transmitting the allocated transmission bandwidth to the ONU for wired subscribers and the ONU for mobile using a grant message.

A method for transporting a message from an end device in an industrial plant over an Ethernet network with extended functionality for time-sensitive communication includes obtaining the message from a control application of the end device, mapping the message, based at least in part on the content of the message, to at least one functionality for time-sensitive communication converting the message into Ethernet frames; encoding a request to transport the message; transmitting the Ethernet frames; decoding the request; and forwarding the message on the Ethernet network according to the requested functionality for time-sensitive communication.

Provided are a reliability estimation system and a reliability estimation method capable of reducing a calculation amount of a reliability of a plurality of networks between terminals in communication between the terminals over the plurality of networks. The reliability estimation system according to the present invention calculates, for each network, a contraction reliability R.sub.x, a contraction reliability R.sub.x′ when nodes are contracted, and a contraction reliability R.sub.B′ between the networks including the terminals, and a true value of the reliability between the terminals over the plurality of networks is between a product P1 (=R.sub.B′ R.sub.x) and a product P2 (=R.sub.B′ R.sub.x′). Instead of calculating the true value of the reliability, only an upper limit and a lower limit are calculated, and thus, it is possible to significantly low additional remark the calculation amount.

Provided are a reliability estimation system and a reliability estimation method capable of reducing a calculation amount of a reliability of a plurality of networks between terminals in communication between the terminals over the plurality of networks. The reliability estimation system according to the present invention calculates, for each network, a contraction reliability R.sub.x, a contraction reliability R.sub.x′ when nodes are contracted, and a contraction reliability R.sub.B′ between the networks including the terminals, and a true value of the reliability between the terminals over the plurality of networks is between a product P1 (=R.sub.B′ R.sub.x) and a product P2 (=R.sub.B′ R.sub.x′). Instead of calculating the true value of the reliability, only an upper limit and a lower limit are calculated, and thus, it is possible to significantly low additional remark the calculation amount.

Some embodiments provide a method, for a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) that handles (i) traffic for a 5G network and (ii) traffic outside of the 5G network. The SD-WAN is established by a set of edge nodes and a set of gateways. At a particular edge node of the SD-WAN, the method identifies whether a received data message is a 5G message that includes a tunnel header of a particular type associated with the 5G network. When the data message is a 5G message, the method examines a set of header fields within the tunnel header to identify a specified traffic priority applicable to the 5G message. The method applies the identified traffic priority within the SD-WAN.