In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a switch fabric having at least a first switch stage and a second switch stage, an edge device operatively coupled to the switch fabric and a management module. The edge device is configured to send a first portion of a data stream to the switch fabric such that the first portion of the data stream is received at a queue of the second switch stage of the switch fabric via the first switch stage of the switch fabric. The management module is configured to send a flow control signal configured to trigger the edge device to suspend transmission of a second portion of the data stream when a congestion level of the queue of the second switch stage of the switch fabric satisfies a condition in response to the first portion of the data stream being received at the queue.

In a communication system having a plurality of user equipment (UE) devices that are operating in a contention based mode for device-to-device (D2D) communication, each UE device transmits a preferred transmission indicator when a condition for preferred transmission is met at the UE device. If a UE device receives a preferred transmission indicator, the UE device delays transmission of a D2D scheduling assignment (SA) to contend for communication resources for D2D communication. The length of the delay can be based on a number of preferred transmission indicators that are received. The preferred transmission indicator is based on a buffer size in one example.

A transfer device for coupling a priority signal and a standard signal includes a reception unit configured to receive a plurality of signals transmitted from a device connected to a path different from a forwarding path, a separation unit configured to separate the signals into the priority signal and the standard signal, an identifier reference unit configured to reference an identifier added to the standard signal, an identifier sort unit configured to sort the standard signal by the identifier, a signal coupling unit configured to couple the plurality of standard signals, a multiplexing unit configured to multiplex the priority signal and the standard signal, a priority control unit configured to determine a transfer order of the signals, a transmission unit configured to transmit the signals to a device connected to the forwarding path, an interrupt transfer processing unit configured to perform interrupt processing in a case where the priority signal arrives during transfer of the standard signal, a signal division unit configured to divide the standard signal, an identifier addition unit configured to add the identifier to the standard signal divided, and a transmission suspending unit configured to suspend transfer of the standard signal until transfer of the priority signal is completed.

There is provided methods and apparatuses for transferring photonic cells or frames between a photonic switch and an electronic switch enabling a scalable data center cloud system with photonic functions transparently embedded into an electronic chassis. In various embodiments, photonic interface functions may be transparently embedded into existing switch chips (or switch cards) without changes in the line cards. The embedded photonic interface functions may provide the switch cards with the ability to interface with both existing line cards and photonic switches. In order to embed photonic interface functions without changes on the existing line cards, embodiments use two-tier buffering with a pause signalling or pause messaging scheme for managing the two-tier buffer memories.

A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to transmit scheduling information over a first uplink channel, on a condition that the WTRU has an uplink scheduling grant to transmit uplink data. In response to a triggering condition, when the WTRU is not transmitting on the first uplink channel, the WTRU is configured to transmit a plurality of a same value over a second uplink channel. The second uplink channel is a control channel. The transmission of the plurality of the same value is based on having an insufficient uplink scheduling grant for the first uplink channel.

A network endpoint receiver controls packet flow from a transmitter. Packets are received via a network in packet traffic according to a push mode, where the transmitter controls pacing of transmitting the packets. Characteristics related to the packet traffic are monitored at the receiver. The monitored characteristics are compared to reception performance parameters, and based on the comparison, a decision is made to switch from the push mode to a pull mode for controlling the packet flow. The receiver transmits a pull mode request packet to the transmitter, where the pull mode request packet indicates a pacing of subsequent packets transmitted by the transmitter to the receiver in accordance with the pull mode. Pacing of further transmitted packets may be controlled by subsequent pull mode request packets sent over time to the transmitter by the receiver. Similarly, the receiver may control additional transmitters to transmit at equal or different rates.

Embodiments of this application relate to the field of communications technologies, and disclose a flow control method and apparatus, to resolve a prior-art problem such as packet loss, packet accumulation, or network congestion that occurs after a packet is switched between priority queues. A specific solution is as follows: A first device receives a first packet sent by a second device, where the first packet carries a first field and a second field, the first field carries a first priority, and the second field carries a second priority; the first device performs flow control based on the first priority in the first packet; and the first device performs queue scheduling on the first packet based on the second priority in the first packet.

There is provided a transmission apparatus that transmits information generated by an information source and divided for each block to a transmission path in units of frames including a plurality of the blocks, including: a transmission unit that stops the transmission of information to the transmission path or transmits toggle data to the transmission path in one of several blocks in the frame where an amount of information to be transmitted is less than a transmission capacity of the transmission path, the toggle data having a cycle of transition of information longer than that of information in a block other than the one block in the frame.

The techniques disclosed herein determine a location independent network delay via a network monitoring device. Such techniques particularly include determining various delays such as a zero window delay, an advertised window delay, and a congestion window delay (including slow start delays).

The present disclosure relates to congestion flow identification methods. One example method includes obtaining, by a network device, a queue length of a non-congestion flow queue, where the non-congestion flow queue includes a data packet or description information of the data packet, determining, by the network device, a target output port of a target data packet when the length of the non-congestion flow queue is greater than or equal to a first threshold, where the target data packet is a data packet waiting to enter the non-congestion flow queue or a next data packet waiting to be output from the non-congestion flow queue, and when utilization of the target output port is greater than or equal to a second threshold, determining, by the network device, that a flow corresponding to the target data packet is a congestion flow.