The present disclosure provides a method and a system for triggering of Internet of things (IoT) devices. The system comprising a processor causes the processor to receive a change in output of first IoT device from a plurality of IoT devices, wherein the plurality of IoT devices are connected to each other, determine one or more connectivity paths between the plurality of IoT devices including the first IoT device based on stored connectivity paths between the plurality of IoT devices in a database, select one of the determined one or more connectivity paths between the plurality of IoT devices, wherein the selecting is based on similarity of metadata of each of the plurality of IoT devices in each of the one or more connectivity paths and trigger one or more IoT devices of the plurality of IoT devices in the selected connectivity path.

A link protection method in a software-defined networking (SDN), a corresponding switching device and network controller, where the method includes receiving, by a first switching device in the SDN, first information from a network controller in the SDN and link protection information, where the first information establishes a communication link between the first switching device and a destination device, and the link protection information instructs the first switching device to proactively perform primary-to-secondary link switching when a link is faulty, establishing, by the first switching device, the communication link with the destination device according to the first information, and determining, by the first switching device according to the link protection information, that the first switching device proactively performs the primary-to-secondary link switching.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for control signaling of beam failure detection are disclosed. A beam pair link may be comprised of multiple bandwidth parts (BWPs) or component carriers (CCs). In one embodiment, a beam failure detection reference signal (BFD RS) may be configured, with subsequent BFD RS instances defining a BFD RS periodicity. A BFD periodicity for monitoring the BFD RS may be configured to be less than, or equal or greater than the BFD RS periodicity. A beam failure may be declared if a minimum number of BFD RS instances, either within the BFD periodicity, or nearest the BFD periodicity if no instances fall within the BFD periodicity, fall below a predetermined threshold. The BFD periodicity and BFD RS may be configured for all BWPs/CCs, a subset of BWPs/CCs, or each individual BWP/CC.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for file delivery feedback and/or application feedback for certain application services. An example method generally includes communicating files with a user equipment (UE), each of the files having a plurality of packets, determining that a delivery failure occurred for at least one of the files, and sending, to a server entity, a notification of the delivery failure.

Virtual application and desktop delivery may be optimized by supplying application metadata and user intent to the device between a client and a server hosting resources for the delivery. The data packets used to deliver the virtual application or desktop may be also tagged with references to the application. By supplying the metadata and tagging packets with the metadata, an intermediary network device may provide streams of data packets at the target QoS. In addition, the device may apply network resource allocation rules (e.g., firewalls and QoS configuration) for redirected content retrieved by the client out of band relative to a virtual channel such as the Internet. The network resource allocation rules may differ for different types of resources accessed. The device may also control a delivery agent on the server to modify communication sessions established through the virtual channels based on network conditions.

Virtual application and desktop delivery may be optimized by supplying application metadata and user intent to the device between a client and a server hosting resources for the delivery. The data packets used to deliver the virtual application or desktop may be also tagged with references to the application. By supplying the metadata and tagging packets with the metadata, an intermediary network device may provide streams of data packets at the target QoS. In addition, the device may apply network resource allocation rules (e.g., firewalls and QoS configuration) for redirected content retrieved by the client out of band relative to a virtual channel such as the Internet. The network resource allocation rules may differ for different types of resources accessed. The device may also control a delivery agent on the server to modify communication sessions established through the virtual channels based on network conditions.

Virtual application and desktop delivery may be optimized by supplying application metadata and user intent to the device between a client and a server hosting resources for the delivery. The data packets used to deliver the virtual application or desktop may be also tagged with references to the application. By supplying the metadata and tagging packets with the metadata, an intermediary network device may provide streams of data packets at the target QoS. In addition, the device may apply network resource allocation rules (e.g., firewalls and QoS configuration) for redirected content retrieved by the client out of band relative to a virtual channel such as the Internet. The network resource allocation rules may differ for different types of resources accessed. The device may also control a delivery agent on the server to modify communication sessions established through the virtual channels based on network conditions.

Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for providing a cloud service based on cloud service brokerage. The method includes receiving, by a cloud service broker, a first request for a cloud service from a cloud service client, wherein the cloud service broker is connected with the multiple cloud-computing systems; providing, by the cloud service broker, a cloud service brokerage based on cloud services of the cloud-computing systems, wherein the cloud service brokerage enables the cloud service complying with the first request to be provided to the cloud service client; and monitoring, by the cloud service broker, a service level of the cloud service during provision of the cloud service and controlling, by the cloud service broker, the cloud service such that the service level satisfies conditions of the first request.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for processing service data. The method includes: receiving an uplink service flow, wherein the uplink service flow includes a first tunnel identifier and a destination address; determining a first tunnel mapping table corresponding to the first tunnel identifier, wherein the first tunnel mapping table includes the first tunnel identifier, one or more second tunnel identifiers corresponding to the first tunnel identifier, and one or more service addresses corresponding to each of the second tunnel identifiers; searching a service address the same as the destination address from the first tunnel mapping table; determining the second tunnel identifier of the uplink service flow based on the destination address if the searching is failed; and transmitting the uplink service flow to a service anchor corresponding to the second tunnel identifier of the uplink service flow.

Embodiments herein relate to e.g. a radio network node (12) for handling an update of a protocol data unit, PDU, session, for a wireless device (10) in a wireless communication network (1). The radio network node (12) is configured to transmit to a network node (13), an indication indicating one or more quality of service, QoS, flows or PDU sessions to be released. The radio network node (12) is further configured to receive a confirmation indication from the network node (13), wherein the confirmation indication indicates one or more QoS flows or PDU sessions released and/or not released; and to handle the update of the PDU session based on the received confirmation indication.