A flow tagging technique includes tagging a data flow at a plurality of points in the data flow. For example, the data flow can be tagged at a socket and at a proxy manager API. By tagging the data flow at multiple points, it becomes possible to map network service usage activities to the appropriate initiating applications.

A channel access indication method and device. The method includes: receiving, by a first communications device, a channel synchronization request sent by a second communications device, where the channel synchronization request is used to request the first communications device to send a synchronization frame to the second communications device, and a wake-up receiver is configured for the second communications device; and according to the channel synchronization request and a time at which the second communications device is woken up and that is learned by the first communications device based on preset signaling, sending, by the first communications device when a channel is idle, the synchronization frame to the woken-up second communications device, where the synchronization frame is used to instruct the woken-up second communications device to access the channel after receiving the synchronization frame.

A method and apparatus include receiving a measurement configuration by higher layer signaling, where the higher layer signaling is above the physical layer. The measurement configuration includes at least information of frequency location of synchronization signals, a carrier frequency, and a maximum allowed measurement bandwidth. A measurement reference signal is then received based on the received measurement configuration, and a measurement based on the received measurement reference signal is performed.

The present disclosure describes techniques of processing burst traffic. In the present application, when a service request is received, it is determined whether there is service data corresponding to the service request in a buffer unit. If so, the corresponding service data in the buffer unit is directly sent to a client computer so as to reduce access pressure of a second service layer; if not, determining whether a request frequency associated with the service request is greater than a frequency threshold; when the request frequency of the service request is greater than the frequency threshold, it indicates that the second service layer of the service type corresponding to the service request reaches the upper limit of capacity. In this case, the service request is sent to a first service layer so as to acquire corresponding service data.

A network device may transmit, to a first neighbor network device, information indicating that the network device supports bit indexed explicit replication (BIER), where the network device does not support BIER. The network device may receive, from the first neighbor network device, a multicast packet that includes a first BIER label associated with the network device. The network device may replace the first BIER label with a second BIER label associated with a second neighbor network device, and may transmit the multicast packet to the second neighbor network device. The second neighbor network device may be to tunnel the multicast packet to a third neighbor network device that supports BIER.

Systems and techniques for performing multicast-reduction operations. In at least one embodiment, a network device receives first network data associated with a multicast operation to be collectively performed by at least a plurality of endpoints. The network device reserves resources to process second network data to be received from the endpoints, and sends the first network data to a plurality of additional network devices. The network device receives the second network data, and processes the second network data using the reserved resources.

Systems and methods for allocating resources are disclosed. Resources such as streams are allocated using a stream credit system. Credits are issued to the clients in a manner that ensure the system is operating in a safe allocation state. The credits can be used not only to allocate resources but also to throttle clients where necessary. Credits can be granted fully, partially, and in a number greater than a request. Zero or negative credits can also be issued to throttle clients.

This application provides a channel access indication method and device. The method includes: receiving, by a first communications device, a channel synchronization request sent by a second communications device, where the channel synchronization request is used to request the first communications device to send a synchronization frame to the second communications device, and a wake-up receiver is configured for the second communications device; and according to the channel synchronization request and a time at which the second communications device is woken up and that is learned by the first communications device based on preset signaling, sending, by the first communications device when a channel is idle, the synchronization frame to the woken-up second communications device, where the synchronization frame is used to instruct the woken-up second communications device to access the channel after receiving the synchronization frame.

A base wireless device includes plural transmission buffers storing plural signals having transmission destinations that are different from each other, a transmission processing unit transmitting the signals to plural remote wireless devices respectively, by transmitting the signals stored in the plural transmission buffers in a predetermined order, regardless of whether or not each transmission has been made successfully, and a storage control unit, wherein when a transmission of a signal stored in one of the transmission buffers has been made successfully, the storage control unit overwrites the one transmission buffer from which the transmission has been made successfully, with another signal to be transmitted to a transmission destination that is different from a transmission destination of a signal stored in a transmission buffer other than the one transmission buffer from which the transmission has been made successfully, among the plural transmission buffers.

The present disclosure generally discloses a multicast capability configured to support multicast that is based on use of Bit Indexed Explicit Replication (BIER). The multicast capability may be configured to support deployment of BIER into a network in a manner that continues to support use of Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) for multicast control within the network. The multicast capability may be configured to support deployment of BIER, into a network including an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) area, using a BIER domain that is commensurate with the IGP area or that is only a portion of the IGP area. The multicast capability may be configured to support deployment of BIER into a network in a manner supporting stitching of traditional PIM access networks via a BIER core network.