A method and apparatus for scaling a VNF on a first PoP associated with at least one wireless device (WD) to a second PoP. A probabilistic estimate of a likelihood that the WD(s) will be handed over to at least one candidate PoP is generated and a VNF state associated with such candidate(s) is scaled and populated with state context information related to a handover of the WD(s) from the first PoP to the candidate(s). The second PoP is identified from the candidate(s) prior to handover using the probabilistic estimate. Thereafter the VNF is scaled from the first PoP to the second PoP, followed by handover of the WD(s) from the first PoP to the second PoP.

Implementation of an application rule for an application to be accessed by a User Equipment, UE, in a user session in a Service Based Architecture, SBA, domain in a core network of a telecommunications system is disclosed. The SBA, among others, comprises a Policy Control Function, PCF (6), an Application Function, AF (5), and a Session Management Function, SMF (9). The method comprising the steps of receiving, by the PCF (6), an application rule comprising an AF Identifier, AF-ID, identifying the application rule, an Application Identifier, App-ID, identifying the application, and at least one service requirement for processing the application in the SBA domain. The PCF (6) instructing the SMF (9) to execute the at least one service requirement to all present and future user sessions pertaining to the respective application. Complementary methods of supporting the execution of the application rule and devices are also presented.

A wireless device sends a PDU session establishment request message to an access and mobility management function (AMF). The PDU session establishment request message requests establishment of a packet data unit (PDU) session for an always-on PDU session. The wireless device receives a first message from the AMF. The first message indicates at least one service associated with the always-on PDU session. The wireless device sends at least one packet of an at least one allowed service of the at least one service via the always-on PDU session.

Aspects of the disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus includes a transceiver and a processing circuit. The transceiver is configured to transmit and receive wireless signals. The processing circuit is configured to detect an error of a previous scheduled transmission of data units from the apparatus to another apparatus. The other apparatus provides scheduled resources for transmission between the two apparatuses. Further, the processing circuit is configured to determine resources that are scheduled by the other apparatus for the apparatus to perform retransmission, and provide one or more of the data units in the previous scheduled transmission to the transceiver for retransmission using the scheduled resources.

Systems and methods are disclosed for coordinating transmission and reception of data according to multiple communication standards over a frequency band. In particular, one or more base stations/mobile electronic devices may determine a first data size of first data to be sent conforming to a first communication standard and a second data size of second data conforming to a second communication standard. A first time period may then be determined for which to send the first data based on the first data size, and a second time period may be determined for which to send the second data based on the second data size. In response to determining that the frequency channel is clear of other transmissions, the first data may be sent according to the first standard in the first time period, and the second data may be sent according to the second standard in the second time period.

The present disclosure provides methods for releasing a reserved resource in a network. An operation method performed in a first communication node of a vehicle network includes generating a first frame including identification information of a stream transmitted through a reserved resource and a first indicator instructing to release the reserved resource; and transmitting the first frame to a second communication node.

Embodiments herein may include systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable media, for a multi-access edge computing (MEC) system. An apparatus for MEC may include a communication interface, a local cost measurements module, and a service allocation module. The communication interface may receive, from a UE, a request for a service to be provided to the UE. The local cost measurements module may collect a set of local cost measurements for the service. The service allocation module may determine to allocate the service to a MEC host based on an allocation policy related to a cost for the MEC host to provide the service or a cost for a service provider to provide the service in view of the one or more local cost measurements. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium are provided to store traffic management data that indicates different levels of congestion that are each correlated to a different category of application of an end device, a type of congestion mechanism including at least one of access class barring, enhanced access class barring, service specific access control, application specific congestion control for data communication, or unattended and background data traffic, and barring parameters; receive a request for wireless service; obtain a level of congestion; determine that the request cannot be granted based on the level of congestion; select one of the levels of congestion based on the level of congestion; generate a first barring message based on the type of congestion mechanism, barring parameters, and category of application correlated to the one of the levels of congestion; and transmit the first barring message to the end devices.

The voice call device includes a processor, and a memory having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations as follows. After a voice call is initiated via a user equipment (UE) device over 5G NR, a status of an IMS registration (e.g., failed, in progress, etc.) for the UE is identified. For example, in response to determining that the status of IMS registration for the UE is in-progress, the voice call can be held, and a wait timer initiated. If the IMS registration completes prior to the wait timer expiring, the voice call is conducted over 5G NR or 4G Long-term Evolution (LTE).

The present disclosure provides techniques for addressing switching times of Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) child nodes. For example, a parent IAB node may determine a switching time for the child IAB node to switch from transmitting on a backhaul/uplink to a parent node (with transmit power control) to transmitting on an access/downlink to a user equipment (UE) or other child IAB node. The parent IAB node may then configure the IAB child node according to the determined switching time (e.g., by scheduling the IAB child node accordingly or setting one or more timing advance parameters).