In described examples, a circuit includes a system bus controller having a first downstream port and is configured to generate a first downstream frame responsive to a first local bus transmission received by a first local bus controller, and to generate a second downstream frame responsive to a second local bus transmission received by a second local bus controller. The system bus controller is configured to generate a downstream aggregate frame responsive to the first downstream frame and the second downstream frame and is configured to initiate transmission of the downstream aggregate frame at the first downstream port. The system bus controller is adapted to receive an upstream aggregate frame that includes a first upstream frame and a second upstream frame and is configured to generate a first upstream transmission responsive to the first upstream frame and to generate the second upstream transmission responsive to the second upstream frame.

In described examples, a circuit includes a system bus controller having a first downstream port and is configured to generate a first downstream frame responsive to a first local bus transmission received by a first local bus controller, and to generate a second downstream frame responsive to a second local bus transmission received by a second local bus controller. The system bus controller is configured to generate a downstream aggregate frame responsive to the first downstream frame and the second downstream frame and is configured to initiate transmission of the downstream aggregate frame at the first downstream port. The system bus controller is adapted to receive an upstream aggregate frame that includes a first upstream frame and a second upstream frame and is configured to generate a first upstream transmission responsive to the first upstream frame and to generate the second upstream transmission responsive to the second upstream frame.

Some embodiments of the invention provide a novel architecture for capturing contextual attributes on host computers that execute one or more machines, and for consuming the captured contextual attributes to perform services on the host computers. The machines are virtual machines (VMs) in some embodiments, containers in other embodiments, or a mix of VMs and containers in still other embodiments. Some embodiments execute a guest-introspection (GI) agent on each machine from which contextual attributes need to be captured. In addition to executing one or more machines on each host computer, these embodiments also execute a context engine and one or more attribute-based service engines on each host computer. Through the GI agents of the machines on a host, the context engine of that host in some embodiments collects contextual attributes associated with network events and/or process events on the machines. The context engine then provides the contextual attributes to the service engines, which, in turn, use these contextual attributes to identify service rules for processing.

A first access point of a wireless network minimizes Media Access Control (MAC) address collisions in the wireless network. The first access point receives an association request from a first wireless device. The association request identifies a first MAC address of the first wireless device. The first access point determines whether a second wireless device is associated with the wireless network using the first MAC address. Responsive to a determination that the second wireless device is associated with a second access point of the wireless network, the first access point obtains a virtual MAC address for the first wireless device. The first access point translates between the first MAC address and the virtual MAC address for network traffic of the first wireless device.

A first access point of a wireless network minimizes Media Access Control (MAC) address collisions in the wireless network. The first access point receives an association request from a first wireless device. The association request identifies a first MAC address of the first wireless device. The first access point determines whether a second wireless device is associated with the wireless network using the first MAC address. Responsive to a determination that the second wireless device is associated with a second access point of the wireless network, the first access point obtains a virtual MAC address for the first wireless device. The first access point translates between the first MAC address and the virtual MAC address for network traffic of the first wireless device.

This application provides a communication method, a gateway, and a management method and apparatus. A first data center is configured to provide non-public cloud services, and a second data center is configured to provide public cloud services. A gateway configured in the second data center is connected to a first subnet of the first data center, and is connected to a second subnet of the second data center. The first subnet and the second subnet have a same private network segment. The method includes: a layer 2 gateway receives a first address resolution protocol (ARP) request packet, which is used to request a MAC address of a second device in the second subnet, sent by a first device in the first subnet, and the gateway sends the first ARP reply packet, which carries a first MAC address of the gateway, to the first device.

A method of address resolution broadcasting in a networked device is provided. The method includes receiving, at a switch fabric of the networked device, an address resolution request from one of a plurality of nodes of the networked device and substituting, as a source address, a cluster MAC address for a MAC address of the one of the plurality of nodes in the address resolution request. The method includes sending the address resolution request over a network and receiving, at the switch fabric, an address resolution reply over the network. The method includes substituting, as a destination address, an address for transmission to each of the plurality of nodes for the cluster MAC address in the address resolution reply, and transmitting the address resolution reply to the plurality of nodes.

A network coordinator device comprises a processor, a memory, a first port to operatively couple the processor to first network that uses media access control (MAC) addresses of a first size, and a second port to operatively couple the processor to second network that uses MAC addresses of a second size. The processor is configured to perform a network bridging protocol to bridge data frames communicated between the first network and the second network, including to translate communications between a device of the first network having the first size MAC address and a device of the second network having the second size MAC address, and adapt a frame format of the first network protocol to a frame format of the second network protocol. The adapting the frame formatting includes fragmenting data frames of the first network protocol when needed using a fragmentation format of the second network protocol.

A network coordinator device comprises a processor, a memory, a first port to operatively couple the processor to first network that uses media access control (MAC) addresses of a first size, and a second port to operatively couple the processor to second network that uses MAC addresses of a second size. The processor is configured to perform a network bridging protocol to bridge data frames communicated between the first network and the second network, including to translate communications between a device of the first network having the first size MAC address and a device of the second network having the second size MAC address, and adapt a frame format of the first network protocol to a frame format of the second network protocol. The adapting the frame formatting includes fragmenting data frames of the first network protocol when needed using a fragmentation format of the second network protocol.

A logical routing element (LRE) having multiple designated instances for routing packets from physical hosts (PH) to a logical network is provided. A PH in a network segment with multiple designated instances can choose among the multiple designated instances for sending network traffic to other network nodes in the logical network according to a load balancing algorithm. Each logical interface (LIF) of an LRE is defined to be addressable by multiple identifiers or addresses, and each LIF identifier or address is assigned to a different designated instance.