A communication apparatus includes a processor and a memory. The processor executes computer-readable instructions stored in the memory. The instructions instruct the communication apparatus to establish a first network including the communication apparatus and a first device. The instructions instruct the communication apparatus to establish a second network including the communication apparatus and a second device. The instructions instruct the communication apparatus to determine a target IP address. Determining the target IP address includes identifying a particular IP address, which is an IP address of the communication apparatus used in the second type network. Determining the target IP address includes generating the target IP address to be within a particular range using the particular IP address. The particular range is a range of IP addresses that are not available in the second type network. The instructions instruct the communication apparatus to assign the target IP address to the first device.

A communication apparatus includes a processor and a memory. The processor executes computer-readable instructions stored in the memory. The instructions instruct the communication apparatus to establish a first network including the communication apparatus and a first device. The instructions instruct the communication apparatus to establish a second network including the communication apparatus and a second device. The instructions instruct the communication apparatus to determine a target IP address. Determining the target IP address includes identifying a particular IP address, which is an IP address of the communication apparatus used in the second type network. Determining the target IP address includes generating the target IP address to be within a particular range using the particular IP address. The particular range is a range of IP addresses that are not available in the second type network. The instructions instruct the communication apparatus to assign the target IP address to the first device.

Example methods and systems are provided for location-aware service request handling. The method may comprise: generating and sending location information associated with virtualized computing instance to a service node or a management entity for transmission to the service node. The location information may identify logical element(s) to which the virtualized computing instance is connected. The method may further comprise: in response to detecting, from the virtualized computing instance, a service request for a service from the service node, generating a modified service request by modifying the service request to include the location information associated with the virtualized computing instance; and sending the modified service request towards the service node.

Example methods and systems are provided for location-aware service request handling. The method may comprise: generating and sending location information associated with virtualized computing instance to a service node or a management entity for transmission to the service node. The location information may identify logical element(s) to which the virtualized computing instance is connected. The method may further comprise: in response to detecting, from the virtualized computing instance, a service request for a service from the service node, generating a modified service request by modifying the service request to include the location information associated with the virtualized computing instance; and sending the modified service request towards the service node.

A communication apparatus sets a first obtaining method for obtaining IP addresses of a first network interface and an external server with which the communication apparatus communicates via the first network interface, and a second obtaining method for obtaining IP addresses of a second network interface and an external server with which the communication apparatus communicates via the second network interface. If the first obtaining method is manual obtaining, if the second obtaining method is automatic obtaining, and if setting of a default gateway has been set with respect to the first network interface, the communication apparatus controls communications by using at least the IP address of the second network interface obtained by the automatic obtaining without using the IP address of the external server obtained by the automatic obtaining via the second network interface.

A communication apparatus sets a first obtaining method for obtaining IP addresses of a first network interface and an external server with which the communication apparatus communicates via the first network interface, and a second obtaining method for obtaining IP addresses of a second network interface and an external server with which the communication apparatus communicates via the second network interface. If the first obtaining method is manual obtaining, if the second obtaining method is automatic obtaining, and if setting of a default gateway has been set with respect to the first network interface, the communication apparatus controls communications by using at least the IP address of the second network interface obtained by the automatic obtaining without using the IP address of the external server obtained by the automatic obtaining via the second network interface.

In an embodiment, a computer-implemented method for DHCP-communications monitoring by a network controller in software defined networks is disclosed. A method comprises detecting that a virtualized compute instance is instantiated on a host computer; generating, and transmitting to a port manager executing on the host computer, instructions to set a BLOCK-EXCEPT-DHCP status on a port assigned to the virtualized compute instance; determining whether an IP address has been assigned to the port by a DHCP service; and if it has: generating, and transmitting to the port manager, instructions to set a NORMAL status on the port; generating, and transmitting to the port manager, a SpoofGuard configured with the IP address assigned to the port; based on notifications received from the SpoofGuard, determining whether the IP address assigned to the port of the virtualized compute instance has been misused, expired or spoofed; and if it has, transmitting instructions to set the BLOCK-EXCEPT-DHCP status on the port.

In an embodiment, a computer-implemented method for DHCP-communications monitoring by a network controller in software defined networks is disclosed. A method comprises detecting that a virtualized compute instance is instantiated on a host computer; generating, and transmitting to a port manager executing on the host computer, instructions to set a BLOCK-EXCEPT-DHCP status on a port assigned to the virtualized compute instance; determining whether an IP address has been assigned to the port by a DHCP service; and if it has: generating, and transmitting to the port manager, instructions to set a NORMAL status on the port; generating, and transmitting to the port manager, a SpoofGuard configured with the IP address assigned to the port; based on notifications received from the SpoofGuard, determining whether the IP address assigned to the port of the virtualized compute instance has been misused, expired or spoofed; and if it has, transmitting instructions to set the BLOCK-EXCEPT-DHCP status on the port.

A method of separating identity IPs for identification of applications from the locator IPs for identifying the route is provided. A virtual service layer (VSL) protocol stack uses the IP addresses assigned by network administrators to the application endpoints to support the TCP/IP stack as the identity IP addresses that are not published to the underlay network for routing. On the other hand, the VSL stack uses the IP addresses assigned by the underlay network to the VSL enabled endpoints and VSL enabled routers as the locator IP addresses for routing packets. The VSL stack formats application flow packets with identity headers as identity packet and encapsulates identity packet with the locator header to route the packet. The separation of the identity and locator identifications are used to eliminate the network middleboxes and provide firewall, load balancing, connectivity, SD-WAN, and WAN-optimization, as a part of the communication protocol.

A method for connecting a node of a wireless-communication coverage-extension system is provided. The node determines whether it has been moved out of an initial local area network. In the case where the node has been moved, a local area network is established from the moved node by activating an address server functionality. The moved node is then connected to a point of access to the internet. A secure tunnel is next established between the moved node and a master node coordinating the initial local area network. The address server functionality is then deactivated and a client functionality of an address server of the initial local area network is activated.