Switching real-time data stream connections between network nodes sharing a virtual area is described. In one aspect, the switching involves storing a virtual area specification. The virtual area specification includes a description of one or more switching rules each defining a respective connection between sources of a respective real-time data stream type and sinks of the real-time data stream type in terms of positions in the virtual area. Real-time data stream connections are established between network nodes associated with respective objects each of which is associated with at least on of a source and a sink of one or more of the real-time data stream types. The real-time data stream connections are established based on the one or more switching rules, the respective sources and sinks associated with the objects, and respective positions of the objects in the virtual area.

It is possible to enable a reception side to easily recognize that metadata is inserted into an audio stream. A metafile including meta information for acquiring an audio stream into which metadata is inserted through a reception device is transmitted. The identification information indicating that the metadata is inserted into the audio stream is inserted into the metafile. At the reception side, it is possible to easily recognize that the metadata is inserted into the audio stream based on the identification information inserted into the metafile.

A system and method for training and executing an adaptive bitrate (ABR) controller can include clustering content into content clusters based on content metadata, clustering network scenarios based on network information, normalizing input measurements, training the ABR controller for each content within at least one of a given content cluster and a given network scenario cluster by determining network information and network metadata, associated with the respective content, determining a content bitrate, determining a reward associated with the content bitrate, and training the ABR controller based on the reward.

Described herein is a method for processing of media data for playback, wherein the method includes the steps of: (a) fetching, by a web proxy, from two or more media servers media data and a media manifest file including metadata information relating to the fetched media data, and merging, by the web proxy, the media data; (b) modifying, by said web proxy, the content of the media manifest file and/or the content of the media data; and (c) providing, by said web proxy, the media manifest file and the media data as modified in step (b) to a media retrieval element for receiving and processing the media manifest file and the media data for decoding or playback, wherein a localhost address is assigned to the web proxy and the web proxy acts as a server for said media retrieval element. Described are further a respective device and computer program product.

Techniques are disclosed relating to automatically altering a displayed user interface for an event. A server computer system may cause, via a conferencing service, display of a user interface for an event having a group of users accessing the conferencing service via a plurality of user devices, the displayed interface including an indication of a video feed of a user in the group of users that is currently active. The system may store, in a database, data for the event, including content of audio and video feeds of users in the event. The system may analyze a set of characteristics included in the content of the audio and video feeds. The system may alter, while the indication of the video feed of the user is being displayed, aspects of the displayed user interface other than the indication, where the altering is performed based on the analyzing.

Information associated with a controlled-environment facility resident communications and/or data device, such as device location within the controlled-environment facility, may be used to determine whether the resident device is approved for two-way video visitation or restricted to on-way video visitation. Video visitation may be initiated and voice and video captured and streamed by a non-resident communications and/or data device, as well as voice and/or video captured and streamed by the resident device, is received by a controlled-environment facility electronic communications management system. Voice and video captured at the non-resident device is transmitted to the resident device and, if the resident device is permitted two-way video visitation, voice and video captured by the resident device is transmitted to the non-resident device, if the resident device is restricted to one-way video visitation, only voice is transmitted to the non-resident device.

The disclosure provides a video transmission method for virtual reality. The method includes reorganizing a first video and a second video obtained to generate a third video suitable for transmission through a physical wire, hence avoiding distortion caused by compression of a high-definition video. The disclosure further includes a video processing device and a video generating system employing the video transmission method.

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are an interaction method and apparatus, and an electronic device. A specific implementation of the method comprises: in response to detecting a trigger operation for a multimedia conference control, sending a multimedia conference start request to a server, wherein the server starts a multimedia conference in response to determining to start the multimedia conference on the basis of the multimedia conference start request; and in response to detecting a confirmation operation for a live broadcast conference confirmation control, sending live broadcast conference confirmation information to the server, wherein a live stream is generated on the basis of a received multimedia conference stream in response to the server receiving the live broadcast conference confirmation information, and in response to receiving the multimedia conference stream, and the multimedia conference stream is sent to the server by a participating subject of the multimedia conference. Thus, provided is a method for generating a live stream on the basis of the multimedia conference stream.

A computer system is provided that includes at least one processor configured to execute a host virtual machine configured to host a session with at least one client computer device. The host virtual machine includes an operating system having a multi-media framework for rendering media content. The at least one processor is further configured to execute a media application configured to access media content from a media source, process encoded media content from the media application using the multi-media framework, and execute a multi-media redirection module configured to intercept the encoded media content from being processed by a decoding module of the multi-media framework. The multi-media redirection module is configured to redirect the encoded media content to the at least one client computer device.

Methods and systems of narrowcasting to a service group having one or more one-way set top boxes are shown and disclosed. The method may include receiving encrypted single program transport streams (SPTSs) from an encryptor, and receiving one or more session control signals for the SPTSs from a switched digital video (SDV) control system. The method may additionally include receiving service information (SI) packet identifiers (PIDs) for the SPTSs from a conditional access (CA) system, and updating the SI PIDs based on the one or more session control signals. The method may further include converting the SPTSs to narrowcast multiprogram transport streams (MPTSs) based on the one or more session control signals, and transmitting the narrowcast MPTSs and the updated SI PIDs to a plurality of edge quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) devices.