A method is provided to detect a lost packet in an event-based communication system which uses a communication protocol without error correction or recovery. The method includes maintaining a plurality of counters for tracking an overall count of data packets transmitted, and a count of data packets transmitted for each event-type; and transmitting a sequence of data packets to at least one remote device. Each data packet includes information of an event-type from the plurality of different event-types and count information associated with the counters. The method further involves receiving a message from the at least one remote device that at least one data packet from the sequence of transmitted data packets is lost based on the count information from at least one transmitted data packet; and taking at least one action in response to the message.

A method for maintaining mobile communication continuity, executed by a mobile communications device. The method includes: starting a timer when the mobile communications device receives a service packet from or transmits a service packet to a network; and detecting whether the network is reachable and whether a network address translation (NAT) mapping has changed when the mobile communications device does not receive a specific packet and the timer expires.

An operation method of a first end node of an Ethernet-based vehicle network is provided. The operation method includes detecting a local event and transitioning an operation state of a physical layer (PHY) of the first end node from a sleep state to a wake-up state. A pseudo PHY identifier (ID) is configured as a PHY ID of the first end node in response to the first end node operating in the wake-up state. A first beacon including the pseudo PHY ID is then transmitted and the first beacon indicates that the first end node operates in the wake-up state.

An operation method of a first end node of an Ethernet-based vehicle network is provided. The operation method includes detecting a local event and transitioning an operation state of a physical layer (PHY) of the first end node from a sleep state to a wake-up state. A pseudo PHY identifier (ID) is configured as a PHY ID of the first end node in response to the first end node operating in the wake-up state. A first beacon including the pseudo PHY ID is then transmitted and the first beacon indicates that the first end node operates in the wake-up state.

A network device monitors communications between a server and a client. The network device simulates certain types of required responses from the client to the server to maintain a persistent session between a client and the server when the actual session may be intermittent. The network device condenses application screens from the server to streamline user interaction between the client and the server. The network device stores required records for a transaction and provides them to a client for offline processing and then synchronizes stored offline transaction data from the client with the server.

A network device monitors communications between a server and a client. The network device simulates certain types of required responses from the client to the server to maintain a persistent session between a client and the server when the actual session may be intermittent. The network device condenses application screens from the server to streamline user interaction between the client and the server. The network device stores required records for a transaction and provides them to a client for offline processing and then synchronizes stored offline transaction data from the client with the server.

Embodiments of this disclosure provides a heartbeat information sending method and apparatus, a heartbeat information processing method and apparatus, and a node. One example method includes: determining at least one heartbeat receiving node in which at least two follower data blocks corresponding to at least two leader data blocks in a heartbeat sending node are located; and when the at least one heartbeat receiving node is a single heartbeat receiving node, sending heartbeat information of the heartbeat sending node to the single heartbeat receiving node, where the heartbeat information of the heartbeat sending node is obtained after respective heartbeat information of the at least two leader data blocks are combined.

Embodiments of this disclosure provides a heartbeat information sending method and apparatus, a heartbeat information processing method and apparatus, and a node. One example method includes: determining at least one heartbeat receiving node in which at least two follower data blocks corresponding to at least two leader data blocks in a heartbeat sending node are located; and when the at least one heartbeat receiving node is a single heartbeat receiving node, sending heartbeat information of the heartbeat sending node to the single heartbeat receiving node, where the heartbeat information of the heartbeat sending node is obtained after respective heartbeat information of the at least two leader data blocks are combined.

Provided are a proxy end registration method, a proxy end registration system, a computer-readable memory medium, and a terminal. The method includes: receiving, by a management end, heartbeat information sent by a proxy end, and determining whether a management end database contains a UUID in the heartbeat information, wherein the heartbeat information is generated according to a MAC address of the proxy end and timestamp information; if not, determining whether a first hash counter in the heartbeat information is 0, the first hash counter being used for indicating a heartbeat IP transformation state of the heartbeat information; if the first hash counter is not 0, notifying the proxy end of the need to re-register; or if the first hash counter is 0, allowing the proxy end to register.

Provided are a proxy end registration method, a proxy end registration system, a computer-readable memory medium, and a terminal. The method includes: receiving, by a management end, heartbeat information sent by a proxy end, and determining whether a management end database contains a UUID in the heartbeat information, wherein the heartbeat information is generated according to a MAC address of the proxy end and timestamp information; if not, determining whether a first hash counter in the heartbeat information is 0, the first hash counter being used for indicating a heartbeat IP transformation state of the heartbeat information; if the first hash counter is not 0, notifying the proxy end of the need to re-register; or if the first hash counter is 0, allowing the proxy end to register.