A network server is provided. The network server includes at least one processor in communication with at least one memory device. The network server is programmed to receive an access request originating from a user device, perform an authentication process for connecting with the user device, transmit, to the user device, a request message for a media access control (MAC) address of the user device, receive, from the user device, a response message including the MAC address of the user device, and determine whether to grant the access request based on the MAC address of the user device.

A hybrid network communication method is disclosed. A gateway device receives a first association request of a multimode device through a first physical interface, where the first association request includes a MAC address of a second physical interface of the multimode device. The gateway device receives a second association request of the multimode device through a third physical interface, where the second association request includes a MAC address of a fourth physical interface of the multimode device. The gateway device obtains an IPv6 address of the multimode device, and records a first correspondence and a second correspondence. The first correspondence includes the IPv6 address of the multimode device, the MAC address of the second physical interface, and the first physical interface. The second correspondence includes the IPv6 address of the multimode device, the MAC address of the fourth physical interface, and the third physical interface.

A media access control (MAC) address sending method, apparatus, and system, and a related device are provided. The method is implemented by a first network device connected to a first virtual machine and a second virtual machine. The first network device obtains a MAC address of the first virtual machine; and when the first virtual machine and the second virtual machine have a same MAC address and are located in different virtual local area networks, sends a route to a second network device, where the route includes route information, and the route information includes the MAC address, first virtual local area network information of the first virtual machine, and second virtual local area network information of the second virtual machine. In this method, information about virtual machines having a same MAC address in different virtual local area networks is aggregated to one route.

Techniques are disclosed for avoiding sending network traffic through a backup network device when an active network device is operational. An example device is configured to receive a first address resolution protocol (ARP) request from an active network device and a second ARP request from a backup network device. The device is also configured to, in response to receiving the first ARP request and the second ARP request, send a first ARP response to the active network device.

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to security for multi-link operation. A device may determine a multi-link communication with a first multi-link device comprising two or more links associated with two or more station devices (STAs) included in the first multi-link device. The device may determine a first medium access control (MAC) address associated with a first link of the two or more links. The device may determine a second MAC address associated with a second link of the two or more links. The device may generate one or more pairwise security keys to be used in the multi-link communication on the two or more links. The device may cause to send a frame to the first multi-link device using at least one combination of the one or more pairwise security keys.

A system and method are provided for a network device for use with a client device having a hostname and a MAC address. The network device contains a memory that has a second hostname and a second MAC address stored within the memory. The second MAC address corresponds to the second hostname. The memory also contains a processor configured to execute instructions stored on the memory to cause the network device to: receive, from the client device, the hostname and the MAC address; determine whether the MAC address is randomized; provide an instruction to the client device to inform a user of the client device that the client device hostname is registered when the hostname matches the second hostname and the MAC address is randomized.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a network topology construction method. The method may include: acquiring a MAC address table of each port on each switch in a target network; determining a first connection relationship in the target network according to the MAC addresses of terminal devices in the target network included in each acquired MAC address table; determining at least one first port according to the first connection relationship in the target network; determining a second connection relationship in the target network according to the MAC addresses included in the MAC address table of each of the first ports in the target network; and determining a network topology of the target network according to the first connection relationship and the second connection relationship in the target network.

Systems, apparatuses, methods, and one or more computer-readable media storing executable instructions for registering a multi-port device are described. A computing device may receive a registration request from a user device supporting multiple ports. In response, the computing device may send to the user device a message including a plurality of telephone numbers and information of associated ports.

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to security for multi-link operation. A device may determine a multi-link communication with a first multi-link device comprising two or more links associated with two or more station devices (STAs) included in the first multi-link device. The device may determine a first medium access control (MAC) address associated with a first link of the two or more links. The device may determine a second MAC address associated with a second link of the two or more links. The device may generate one or more pairwise security keys to be used in the multi-link communication on the two or more links. The device may cause to send a frame to the first multi-link device using at least one combination of the one or more pairwise security keys.

Techniques for utilizing Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controllers and network border leaf nodes of respective cloud computing networks to configure a data transmission route for a multicast group. Each border leaf node may maintain a respective external sources database, including a number of records indicating associations between a multicast data source, one or more respective border leaf nodes disposed in the same network as the multicast data source, and network capability information. A border leaf node, disposed in the same network as a multicast data source, may broadcast a local source discovery message to all border leaf nodes in remote networks to which it is communicatively coupled. A border leaf node may also communicate network capability information associated with one or more remote networks to a local SDN controller. The SDN controller may utilize the network capability information to configure a data transmission route to one or more destination nodes.