Example implementations relate to substrate permeability assessment. Some examples may determine whether voids are shown in an image of a substrate and whether there is a repeating pattern in the image. Some examples may also determine whether printing fluid would pass through the substrate during printing based on the determinations of whether voids are shown in the image and whether there is a repeating pattern in the image.

An image forming apparatus, includes: an image former that forms an image on a sheet; an inspector that inspects an object; and a feed path that conveys the object to the inspector, wherein the feed path is installed to bypass the image former.

An image forming apparatus that forms an image on a recording medium includes: an image former that forms an image on a recording medium; an image reader that reads an image formed on a recording medium; an adjuster that adjusts the image former on a basis of a reading result obtained by the image reader by reading an image formed on a recording medium by the image former; and a processor configured to output, to an external apparatus used for diagnosis of the image forming apparatus, the reading result of the image formed on the recording medium by the image former when adjustment is performed by the adjuster.

An image forming apparatus that includes an image forming unit that forms an image on a transfer medium, a conveying unit that conveys the transfer medium, a first image detection unit that detects the image formed by the image forming unit on the transfer medium; and a control unit that controls the forming of the image and the conveying of the transfer medium, and receives detection results from the first image detection unit and a second image detection unit, wherein the control unit determines whether the image detected by the first image detection unit has image quality higher than or equal to predetermined quality and calibrates the first image detection unit based on the detection result from the first image detection unit and the detection result from the second image detection unit for the image having the image quality higher than or equal to predetermined quality.

A malfunction determining apparatus for determining a malfunction of a target apparatus includes a receiver that receives, from a target apparatus, a plurality of items of physical data having frequency bands that are different from each other and circuitry that analyzes the received physical data to identify, for each of the operating modes, at least one of the physical data items having a specific feature from among the plurality of items of physical data that are received from the target apparatus, stores in a memory, for each of the operating modes, information indicating at least one sensor of the multiple sensors that has output the at least one of the physical data item that is identified, and determines abnormality of the target apparatus operating in a specific operating mode, using only the physical data output from the at least one sensor stored in the memory for the specific operating mode.

An image processing system includes: a mobile terminal; and a server apparatus, wherein the mobile terminal includes a camera, a display that displays an apparatus image of an image forming apparatus, a microphone that collects sound output from the image forming apparatus, and a first hardware processor that controls the camera, the microphone and the display, the server apparatus includes a second hardware processor that controls the server apparatus, the second hardware processor performs identifying a portion of the image forming apparatus, setting the portion identified as a sound collection target position, and clipping a partial image including the sound collection target position and representing an outline of a part of the image forming apparatus, from a main body image generated in advance as an image representing an outer shape of the image forming apparatus, and the display displays the partial image.

An optical scanning device includes a reflected-light passing unit having a passing region through which a portion of reflected light that is the scanning light reflected by the medium passes. An outer peripheral contour line of the passing region includes a contour curve configured with a set of points where coordinates in a direction orthogonal to a scanning direction are uniquely determined for the coordinates in the scanning direction. The contour curve renders a curve protruded toward the passing region. When a region in contact with the contour curve in the passing region is divided into a plurality of quadrilateral minute regions having equivalent areas and extending from the contour curve to a predetermined coordinate position in the scanning direction and are continuously arranged in the orthogonal direction, widths of the minute regions in the scanning direction are different for each location in the orthogonal direction.

Provided is a setting management system for managing the change status of setting information in an image forming apparatus during operation. Multiple image forming apparatuses start operating based on the same setting information in which operation setting values transmitted from a management server are reflected. Each of the image forming apparatuses receives changes in the setting information by multiple setting-receiving units during operation. In each of the setting-receiving units, a change-detecting unit detects that the setting information is changed. The setting-change status of setting information is correlated with the setting-receiving unit and transmitted by a change-status-transmitting unit. The management server receives the setting-change status from an image forming apparatus by a server-communication unit. As a result, a setting-management unit collectively manages histories of the setting changes of multiple image forming apparatuses based on the received setting-change status and the operation setting values.

A print system including a printing apparatus and an inspection apparatus, the printing apparatus obtains, from a print job, image data to be used for printing, registers in the inspection apparatus the image data as a reference image, in response to completion of registration of the reference image in the inspection apparatus, executes printing on a sheet based on the print job, and notifies the inspection apparatus of an instruction for inspecting the sheet on which printing has been performed. The inspection apparatus registers the image data received from the printing apparatus as the reference image, and in response to the instruction for inspecting, inspects the sheet on which the printing has been performed in the printing apparatus.

A diagnostic system may comprise an image forming apparatus that forms a diagnostic image on a sheet and an image capturing apparatus that captures an image of the sheet on which the diagnostic image is formed and which has been discharged from the image forming apparatus, and outputs the image captured as a sheet image. The image capturing apparatus may make a diagnosis for a component of the image forming apparatus based on a position of an image deficiency in the sheet image, and output a diagnosis result for the component of the image forming apparatus.