There is provided an image forming apparatus that includes a color image former that forms a color image with a plurality of process color toners, a spot color image former that forms a spot color image with a spot color toner, a transfer unit that transfers the formed color image and the formed spot color image onto a recording material, a fixing unit that fixes the transferred color image and the transferred spot color image onto the recording material, and a hardware processor that selects a first mode or a second mode depending on whether or not a type of the recording material and an amount of toner to be attached onto the recording material satisfy a predetermined condition. The number of times of image transfer and fixation onto an identical surface of the recording material is two or more predetermined times in the first mode. The number of times of image transfer and fixation onto an identical surface of the recording material is less than the predetermined times in the second mode. When images are formed on both surfaces of the recording material, the predetermined condition differs between a first surface and a second surface of the recording material.

A slide scanner as a stand-alone device that is able to function without a computer and comprises a magazine guide for different slide magazines, such as universal, LKM, CS and/or Paximat magazines.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for obtaining a first image of a document, the first image including first glare shown on a first portion of the document. Detecting, in the first image, the first glare shown on the first portion of the document. In response to detecting the first glare in the first image, obtaining a second image of the document, the second image including second glare shown on a second portion of the document. Generating, from the first image and the second image, a third image of the document that includes less glare than the first glare in the first image and less glare than the second glare in the second image.

An image reading apparatus includes: a light source; a reference sheet that reflects light emitted from the light source; a light-receiving lens that converges the reflected light; a reading sensor that reads the light converged by the light-receiving lens; and a hardware processor that: based on first white data obtained when the reading sensor reads the reference sheet for the first time, determines whether the reference sheet or the reading sensor has dust; in response to determining that the reference sheet or the reading sensor has dust, produces ideal initial white reference data by complementing the first white data with second white data obtained when the reading sensor reads the reference sheet for the second and subsequent times; and with the ideal initial white reference data, complements third white data obtained when the reading sensor reads the reference sheet right before reading an image of a job.

An image inspection apparatus includes: an image reader that reads an original image on a recording material based on a print job and generates a read image; and a hardware processor that analyzes the read image acquired from the image reader and performs image inspection, in which the hardware processor: performs predetermined filter processing on the read image and generates a first reference image; acquires background density from the first reference image and sets a threshold based on the background density; compares the read image to the first reference image and generates a first comparison image; and binarizes the first comparison image by using the threshold, detects a part where a specific abnormality has occurred, and outputs a detection result.

Embodiments relate to a pixel defect detection circuit for detecting and correcting defective pixels in captured image frames. The pixel defect detection circuit includes a defect pixel location table that maps pixel locations in an image frame to respective confidence values, each confidence value indicating a likelihood that a corresponding pixel is defective. The pixel defect detection circuit further includes a dynamic defect processing circuit configured to determine whether a first pixel of an image frame is defective, and a flatness detection circuit configured to determine whether the first pixel is in a flat region of the image frame. The confidence value corresponding to the location of the first pixel is updated based upon whether the first pixel is determined be defective if the first pixel is determined to be in a flat region, and not updated if the first pixel is determined to not be in a flat region.

There is provided an image forming apparatus that includes a color image former that forms a color image with a plurality of process color toners, a spot color image former that forms a spot color image with a spot color toner, a transfer unit that transfers the formed color image and the formed spot color image onto a recording material, a fixing unit that fixes the transferred color image and the transferred spot color image onto the recording material, and a hardware processor that selects a first mode or a second mode depending on whether or not a type of the recording material and an amount of toner to be attached onto the recording material satisfy a predetermined condition. The number of times of image transfer and fixation onto an identical surface of the recording material is two or more predetermined times in the first mode. The number of times of image transfer and fixation onto an identical surface of the recording material is less than the predetermined times in the second mode. When images are formed on both surfaces of the recording material, the predetermined condition differs between a first surface and a second surface of the recording material.

An original image is read as an aggregate of a plurality of pixels in which adjacent pixels have different colors (R, G, and B) in a main scanning direction and in a sub-scanning direction, and the read pixels of the respective colors are stored in a line memory in association with information on relative positions of the pixels with respect to another pixel. Then, the stored pixels are sorted so that pixels having the same color are adjacent to each other, and an abnormal pixel (dust) not present in the original image is detected based on the state of the sorted pixels. With this, the dust not present in the original image is detected without increasing the cost, and the dust is corrected without forming a conspicuous trace of correction.

A document reading device includes red, green, and blue photoelectric transducers; a reader that reads a color image of a document with the photoelectric transducers; and a converter that converts the read color image into a grayscale image. The converter determines the maximum tone value MAX(RGB) among the red, green, and blue tone values of the RGB signal (RGB) of the pixel of the red, green, and blue colors to be a grayscale value of the pixel.

A reading device is configured to detect an edge position of a target object to be conveyed in a conveyance direction. The edge position is a position of an edge of the object in a width direction intersecting the conveyance direction. The reading device includes a sensor device, an adder, and an edge position detector. The sensor device includes a pixel array including a plurality of elements arranged in the width direction. The adder is configured to add detection signals output from the elements at respective positions in the width direction. The edge position detector is configured to detect the edge position on basis of a position at which an output of the adder changes to a value larger than a threshold. Each element is configured to output a detection signal based on a reception amount of light in one of different wavelength bands.