An image forming apparatus includes an image processor and an image forming unit. The image processor performs a correction process that corrects first image data corresponding to a first color and second image data corresponding to a second color. The image processor performs the correction process by causing, on the basis of a medium color of a recording medium, a first edge of a first image that is in the first image data and a second edge of a second image that is in the second image data to be away from each other. The second edge corresponds to the first edge. The image forming unit forms the first image and the second image in this order on the recording medium, on a basis of the first image data and the second image data that are corrected by the image processor.

Techniques for image processing including receiving input image data, wherein the input image data includes data associated with a clear color channel, receiving a color offset value associated with a color channel, wherein color values for the color channel are not provided in the input image data, based on the color offset value, generating intermediate estimated color values for the color channel, wherein generating the intermediate estimated color values includes: clipping color values that have a magnitude greater than the color offset value, and adjusting color values that have a magnitude less than the color offset value based on the color offset value, applying a color correction function to the intermediate estimated color values based on the color offset value to determine color corrected estimated color values, and outputting the color corrected estimated color values.

A controller includes a plurality of control circuits configured to be connected to respective ones of a plurality of head units. Each head unit has a nozzle. The plurality of control circuits includes a first control circuit, a second control circuit connected to the first control circuit in series to perform communication, and a third control circuit connected to the second control circuit in series to perform communication. The first control circuit is configured to transmit first data to the second control circuit. The first data is data for controlling at least one of the plurality of head units. The second control circuit is configured to transmit second data to the third control circuit. The second data is data for controlling at least one of the plurality of head units. A data amount of the second data is smaller than a data amount of the first data.

In a colorimetric device and a colorimetric method according to the present invention, chart definition information including at least patch position definition information representing each position of a plurality of patches in a color chart is stored, patch position measurement information representing the position of the patch is obtained on the basis of an image of the color chart, patch position correction information is obtained by correcting the patch position measurement information on the basis of the chart definition information, and then, each color of the plurality of patches is measured in each of the positions of the plurality of patches represented by the patch position correction information.

A restoration filter generation device that generates a restoration filter to perform restoration processing on luminance system image data that is image data related to luminance, which is generated based on image data of respective colors of multiple colors obtained by an imaging device having an optical system, includes an information acquisition device acquiring transfer function information corresponding to point image distribution in the optical system, for each color of the multiple colors, and a restoration filter generation device generating the restoration filter based on the transfer function information acquired by the information acquisition device and generating the restoration filter that performs phase correction of the luminance system image data according to the transfer function information on a single color of the multiple colors.

A restoration filter generation device that generates a restoration filter to perform restoration processing on luminance system image data that is image data related to luminance, which is generated based on image data of respective colors of multiple colors obtained by an imaging device having an optical system, includes an information acquisition device acquiring transfer function information corresponding to point image distribution in the optical system, for each color of the multiple colors, and a restoration filter generation device generating the restoration filter based on the transfer function information acquired by the information acquisition device and generating the restoration filter that performs phase correction of the luminance system image data according to the transfer function information on a single color of the multiple colors.

Determination information is obtained to determine a degradation characteristic of sharpness of an image formed by an image forming apparatus. One of a plurality of recovery processing parameters used to recover sharpness of an image is selected based on the determination information, and characteristics of the plurality of recovery processing parameters are different from each other. Recovery processing of sharpness is performed on image data using the selected recovery processing parameter. When the degradation characteristics of sharpness are visually and substantially the same, the same recovery processing parameter is selected.

Determination information is obtained to determine a degradation characteristic of sharpness of an image formed by an image forming apparatus. One of a plurality of recovery processing parameters used to recover sharpness of an image is selected based on the determination information, and characteristics of the plurality of recovery processing parameters are different from each other. Recovery processing of sharpness is performed on image data using the selected recovery processing parameter. When the degradation characteristics of sharpness are visually and substantially the same, the same recovery processing parameter is selected.

An optical reflective device for reflecting light including a grating medium having a first and second grating structure is disclosed. The first grating structure may be configured to reflect light of a wavelength about a first reflective axis offset from a surface normal of the grating medium at a first incidence angle. The second grating structure may be configured to reflect light of the wavelength about a second reflective axis offset from the surface normal of the grating medium at a second incidence angle different from the first incidence angle. The second reflective axis may be different from the first reflective axis.

An image processing apparatus has a stochastic resonance processing unit executing a stochastic resonance processing to obtain a result. The result corresponds to a result that is calculated in a case where each of a plurality of pixel signals constituting reading image data is added noise and subjected to a binary processing and a plurality of results obtained by parallelly performing above step are synthesized and the parallel number is infinite. The stochastic resonance processing unit sets, with regard to a pixel signal as a processing target among the plurality of pixel signals, at least one of a strength of the noise and a threshold value used for the binary processing based on a pixel signal of the input image data corresponding to the pixel signal.