A camera module includes a cover window, an infrared cut-off filter, and an anti-reflection coating. The anti-reflection coating is on at least one surface, through which light passes, of the optical protection window, or the anti-reflection coating is on at least one surface, through which light passes, of the infrared cut-off filter. The anti-reflection coating includes conical anti-reflection structures. A bottom diameter of the conical anti-reflection structure is 40 nm to 150 nm. A top diameter of the conical anti-reflection structure is 0% to 30% of the bottom diameter. A height of the conical anti-reflection structure is 150 nm to 300 nm. A spacing between two adjacent conical anti-reflection structures is ? to ? of a wavelength in a visible light band.

An image processing method includes the steps of determining a first unnecessary component contained in each of a plurality of parallax images based on a plurality of pieces of relative difference information of the parallax images, generating a first image by reducing the first unnecessary component from the parallax images, generating a blurred image by adding blur to the first image, creating a mask based on the blurred image and the first image, and determining a second unnecessary component based on the first unnecessary component and the mask.

An imaging apparatus comprises a lens optical system including a lens and having first through nth optical regions (n is an integer equal to or greater than 2), an image sensor including pixel groups each including first through nth pixels, an optical element array disposed between the lens optical system and the image sensor and including optical components each guiding light that has passed through the first through nth optical regions to the respective first through nth pixels in each of the pixel groups, and an optical absorption member on which light reflected by the imaging surface of the image sensor is incident. The optical absorptance of the optical absorption member is substantially uniform across the entire wavelength bands of light that passes through the first through nth optical regions and is substantially uniform across the entire optical absorption member.

A method of reducing ghost in images captured using a capsule endoscope while travelling in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The captured images contain ghost caused by reflections of multiple light sources by capsule housing of the capsule endoscope. The method derive, from the plurality of images, a ghost model comprising multiple ghost coefficients for relating light energies from the multiple light sources for a given image with ghost signals at multiple pixel locations for the given image. De-ghosted images are generated by compensating the plurality of images using estimated ghost signals based on derived ghost coefficients and the light energies from the multiple light sources. The process of deriving, from the plurality of images, the ghost model comprises removing any sensor gamma or any other non-linearity in pixel values of the plurality of images associated with the light energy.

A method of reducing ghost in images captured using a capsule endoscope while travelling in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The captured images contain ghost caused by reflections of multiple light sources by capsule housing of the capsule endoscope. The method derive, from the plurality of images, a ghost model comprising multiple ghost coefficients for relating light energies from the multiple light sources for a given image with ghost signals at multiple pixel locations for the given image. De-ghosted images are generated by compensating the plurality of images using estimated ghost signals based on derived ghost coefficients and the light energies from the multiple light sources. The process of deriving, from the plurality of images, the ghost model comprises removing any sensor gamma or any other non-linearity in pixel values of the plurality of images associated with the light energy.

A receiver applies a calibration method to compensate for skew between input channels. The receiver skew is estimated by observing the coefficients of an adaptive equalizer which adjusts the coefficients based on time-varying properties of the multi-channel input signal. The receiver skew is compensated by programming the phase of the sampling clocks for the different channels. Furthermore, during real-time operation of the receiver, channel diagnostics is performed to automatically estimate differential group delay and/or other channel characteristics based on the equalizer coefficients using a frequency averaging or polarization averaging approach. Framer information can furthermore be utilized to estimate differential group delay that is an integer multiple of the symbol rate. Additionally, a DSP reset may be performed when substantial signal degradation is detected based on the channel diagnostics information.

A camera module includes a cover window, an infrared cut-off filter, and an anti-reflection coating. The anti-reflection coating is on at least one surface, through which light passes, of the optical protection window, or the anti-reflection coating is on at least one surface, through which light passes, of the infrared cut-off filter. The anti-reflection coating includes conical anti-reflection structures. A bottom diameter of the conical anti-reflection structure is 40 nm to 150 nm. A top diameter of the conical anti-reflection structure is 0% to 30% of the bottom diameter. A height of the conical anti-reflection structure is 150 nm to 300 nm. A spacing between two adjacent conical anti-reflection structures is ? to ? of a wavelength in a visible light band

A receiver applies a calibration method to compensate for skew between input channels. The receiver skew is estimated by observing the coefficients of an adaptive equalizer which adjusts the coefficients based on time-varying properties of the multi-channel input signal. The receiver skew is compensated by programming the phase of the sampling clocks for the different channels. Furthermore, during real-time operation of the receiver, channel diagnostics is performed to automatically estimate differential group delay and/or other channel characteristics based on the equalizer coefficients using a frequency averaging or polarization averaging approach. Framer information can furthermore be utilized to estimate differential group delay that is an integer multiple of the symbol rate. Additionally, a DSP reset may be performed when substantial signal degradation is detected based on the channel diagnostics information.

The present invention provides a method to resolve a technical problem of a ghost. The method is applied to a terminal that includes a first camera lens and a second camera lens, where the both lenses are located on a same side of the terminal. The method includes: obtaining a first image that is captured by the first camera lens and is about a first area, and a second image that is captured at a same moment by the second camera lens and is about a second area; performing translation compensation on the second image by using the first image as a reference image; and fusing the first image and the second image that is obtained after translation compensation is performed, to generate a third image, where a resolution of the third image is higher than a resolution of the first image and a resolution of the second image.

An imaging apparatus includes a lens optical system including a lens, a stop, and first through nth divided optical elements in which first through nth optical regions are defined, respectively, along a plane perpendicular to an optical axis and positioned to be point-symmetric with respect to the optical axis, an image sensor, and a microlens array guiding light that has passed through the first through nth optical regions to the first through nth pixels of the image sensor, respectively. At least three of s.sub.1, . . . , and S.sub.n are mutually different and a relation of s.sub.is.sub.i+1 is satisfied, where s.sub.1, . . . , and s.sub.n represent mean luminances of images obtained from the first through nth pixels, respectively. The first optical region and the nth optical region are positioned not to be point-symmetric to each other with respect to the optical axis.