A moving picture decoding apparatus, method, and medium for decoding a current block are provided. A first candidate is derived from a first motion vector that has been used to decode a first block. The first block is adjacent to the current block. A first index identifying a reference picture to be selected for decoding the current block is decoded. A second candidate having a second motion vector that includes a non-zero value is derived. The non-zero value is assigned to the reference picture. A selected candidate is selected from a plurality of candidates, including the first candidate and the second candidate. A second index identifying the selected candidate is decoded. The current block is decoded using the selected candidate. The second candidate includes the non-zero value of the reference picture, with the reference picture being selected from a plurality of referable reference pictures.

A moving picture decoding apparatus, method, and medium for decoding a current block are provided. A first candidate is derived from a first motion vector that has been used to decode a first block. The first block is adjacent to the current block. A first index identifying a reference picture to be selected for decoding the current block is decoded. A second candidate having a second motion vector that includes a non-zero value is derived. The non-zero value is assigned to the reference picture. A selected candidate is selected from a plurality of candidates, including the first candidate and the second candidate. A second index identifying the selected candidate is decoded. The current block is decoded using the selected candidate. The second candidate includes the non-zero value of the reference picture, with the reference picture being selected from a plurality of referable reference pictures.

A method for image decoding, according to the present invention, includes the following steps: receiving image information including a plurality of filter coefficients; generating a restored block for a current block on the basis of the image information; and applying an adaptive loop filter to the restored block on the basis of the plurality of filter coefficients. According to the present invention, image encoding efficiency may be improved, and complexity may be reduced.

A method for image decoding, according to the present invention, includes the following steps: receiving image information including a plurality of filter coefficients; generating a restored block for a current block on the basis of the image information; and applying an adaptive loop filter to the restored block on the basis of the plurality of filter coefficients. According to the present invention, image encoding efficiency may be improved, and complexity may be reduced.

Techniques for lossless compression of a digital image using prior image context.

Techniques for lossless compression of a digital image using prior image context.

A method of decoding motion information according to an embodiment includes: obtaining information indicating a disparity distance for determining a prediction motion vector of a current block; scaling the disparity distance corresponding to the obtained information, based on a comparison result between a base pixel unit and a smallest pixel unit indicatable by a motion vector of the current block; determining a prediction motion vector candidate changed by the scaled disparity distance from a base motion vector of the current block from among one or more prediction motion vector candidates as the prediction motion vector of the current block; and determining the motion vector of the current block by using the prediction motion vector.

A method of decoding motion information according to an embodiment includes: obtaining information indicating a disparity distance for determining a prediction motion vector of a current block; scaling the disparity distance corresponding to the obtained information, based on a comparison result between a base pixel unit and a smallest pixel unit indicatable by a motion vector of the current block; determining a prediction motion vector candidate changed by the scaled disparity distance from a base motion vector of the current block from among one or more prediction motion vector candidates as the prediction motion vector of the current block; and determining the motion vector of the current block by using the prediction motion vector.

A feature data encoding method, an encoder, a feature data decoding method, and a decoder are provided. The feature data encoding method includes following steps. A transform unit is divided into a plurality of sub-blocks and N sub-transform units. A reference origin and a LSC are determined in an i-th sub-transform unit of the sub-transform units, and an original coordinate of the last significant coefficient of the i-th sub-transform unit is modified to a specific coordinate. The i-th sub-transform unit is scanned from a specific sub-block of the i-th sub-transform unit, and significant feature coefficients in the i-th sub-transform unit are individually encoded as coded data.

A method for subdividing an interval during entropy decoding for a bitstream representing a set of video pictures is provided. A sub-interval value is computed by (i) performing an initial right bit-shifting operation on a probability estimator value to reduce a length in bits of the probability estimator value, (ii) multiplying the right bit-shifted probability estimator value by a range value representing the interval, (iii) performing another right bit-shifting operation on a result of the multiplication, and (iv) adding a constant value to a result of the other right bit-shifting operation, wherein the probability estimator value is associated with a probability of a bin having a particular value. The sub-interval value computed based on the right bit-shifted probability estimator value is used to update the interval.