A method of adaptive point cloud attribute coding is performed by at least one processor and includes determining a centroid of k candidate points of a point cloud, k being a predetermined sampling rate of all points of the point cloud, and selecting one of the k candidate points that is closest to the centroid. The method further includes determining a first levels-of-detail (LoD) layer comprising the one of the k candidate points, and a second LoD layer without the one of the k candidate points, and performing coding of attributes of the all points, based on the first LoD layer and the second LoD layer.

Systems and methods relating to presenting media content are disclosed. According to an example method, media data comprising a first media content segment is received. The first media content segment comprises first audio data received via the first user device and first video data received via the first user device, and is encoded according to a first set of encoding parameters. A fault is detected in the first media content segment. Detecting the fault comprises determining a quality value of the first media content segment, and determining whether the quality value exceeds a threshold. A second media content segment is received. The second media content segment comprises second audio data and second video data, and is encoded according to a second set of encoding parameters. The first media content segment is replaced with the second media content segment in the media data. Replacing the first media content segment with the second media content segment comprises synchronizing a first time of the second media content segment to a corresponding first time of the first media content segment, and trimming a length of the second media content segment to a length of the first media content segment.

A spatial complexity and a temporal complexity associated with one or more frames of media content may be determined. Based on the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the media content, a Group of Picture (GOP) size for the one or more frames of the media content may be determined. The GOP size may be inversely proportional to the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the one or more frames of media content. Certain frames of the media content may be arranged in a different GOP size as compared to one or more other frames of the media content. By varying the GOP size of the plurality of frames of the media content, the bitrate required to transmit the media content may be decreased without decreasing or substantially decreasing the overall quality of the media content.

A spatial complexity and a temporal complexity associated with one or more frames of media content may be determined. Based on the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the media content, a Group of Picture (GOP) size for the one or more frames of the media content may be determined. The GOP size may be inversely proportional to the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the one or more frames of media content. Certain frames of the media content may be arranged in a different GOP size as compared to one or more other frames of the media content. By varying the GOP size of the plurality of frames of the media content, the bitrate required to transmit the media content may be decreased without decreasing or substantially decreasing the overall quality of the media content.

A spatial complexity and a temporal complexity associated with one or more frames of media content may be determined. Based on the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the media content, a Group of Picture (GOP) size for the one or more frames of the media content may be determined. The GOP size may be inversely proportional to the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the one or more frames of media content. Certain frames of the media content may be arranged in a different GOP size as compared to one or more other frames of the media content. By varying the GOP size of the plurality of frames of the media content, the bitrate required to transmit the media content may be decreased without decreasing or substantially decreasing the overall quality of the media content.

A spatial complexity and a temporal complexity associated with one or more frames of media content may be determined. Based on the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the media content, a Group of Picture (GOP) size for the one or more frames of the media content may be determined. The GOP size may be inversely proportional to the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the one or more frames of media content. Certain frames of the media content may be arranged in a different GOP size as compared to one or more other frames of the media content. By varying the GOP size of the plurality of frames of the media content, the bitrate required to transmit the media content may be decreased without decreasing or substantially decreasing the overall quality of the media content.

The present disclosure provides an encoding method, a decoding method, an encoding apparatus, a decoding apparatus and devices thereof. The method may include: in response to determining that an adaptive loop filter (ALF) sequence control enabling flag of a sequence parameter set (SPS) syntax indicates allowing a current sequence to enable an ALF, encoding a cross-component adaptive loop filter (CCALF) sequence control enabling flag in the SPS syntax. The technical solutions of the present disclosure can improve the encoding performance.

One or more multi-stage optimization iterations are performed with respect to a compression algorithm. A given iteration comprises a first stage in which hyper-parameters of a perceptual quality algorithm are tuned independently of the compression algorithm. A second stage of the iteration comprises tuning hyper-parameters of the compression algorithm using a set of perceptual quality scores generated by the tuned perceptual quality algorithm. The final stage of the iteration comprises performing a compression quality evaluation test on the tuned compression algorithm.

A program for generating a significant video stream causes a computer to function as coding parameter extraction means for extracting a coding parameter of each macroblock for each frame from an original video stream, macroblock selection means for selecting a significant macroblock that has a coding parameter satisfying a predetermined condition, and significant video stream generation means for generating a significant video stream in which frames of the original video stream temporally synchronized with the frames of the coding parameter in the significant macroblocks are combined in time series.

A program for generating a significant video stream causes a computer to function as coding parameter extraction means for extracting a coding parameter of each macroblock for each frame from an original video stream, macroblock selection means for selecting a significant macroblock that has a coding parameter satisfying a predetermined condition, and significant video stream generation means for generating a significant video stream in which frames of the original video stream temporally synchronized with the frames of the coding parameter in the significant macroblocks are combined in time series.