A technique for determining an adaptive quantization parameter offset for a block of encoded video includes obtaining a rate control factor for the quantization parameter, determining a content-based quantization parameter factor for the quantization parameter, determining an adaptive variance based quantization offset based on content-based quantization parameter factors for a frame prior to the current frame, and combining the rate control factor, the content-based quantization parameter factor, and the adaptive offset to generate the quantization parameter.

A technique for determining an adaptive quantization parameter offset for a block of encoded video includes obtaining a rate control factor for the quantization parameter, determining a content-based quantization parameter factor for the quantization parameter, determining an adaptive variance based quantization offset based on content-based quantization parameter factors for a frame prior to the current frame, and combining the rate control factor, the content-based quantization parameter factor, and the adaptive offset to generate the quantization parameter.

Devices, systems and methods for digital video coding, which includes inter prediction with refinement, are described. An exemplary method of video processing includes determining to use, for a conversion between a current block of a video and a bitstream representation of the video, a first linear optimization model for the conversion using a first coding mode, the first linear optimization model being derived from a second linear optimization model that is used for the conversion using a second coding mode, and performing, based on the determining, the conversion. Another exemplary method of video processing includes determining to use, for a conversion between a current block of a video and a bitstream representation of the video, a gradient value computation algorithm for a bi-directional optical flow tool, and performing, based on the determining, the conversion.

A method of video processing is provided. The method includes: determining, for a conversion between a current video block of a video and a coded representation of the video, a mode of operation of an UMVE mode; and performing the conversion based on the determining, wherein the current video block is coded with an affine merge mode and motion vector differences in the affine UMVE mode, and wherein one or more fields in the coded representation correspond to the mode of operation, and wherein the one or more fields include: a list size field that indicates a size of a base affine merge candidate list for an affine merge mode with prediction offsets that is used by the UMVE mode, or a table field that signals a distance table or a direction table for the affine merge mode with prediction offsets.

A method of video processing is provided. The method includes: determining, for a conversion between a current video block of a video and a coded representation of the video, a mode of operation of an UMVE mode; and performing the conversion based on the determining, wherein the current video block is coded with an affine merge mode and motion vector differences in the affine UMVE mode, and wherein one or more fields in the coded representation correspond to the mode of operation, and wherein the one or more fields include: a list size field that indicates a size of a base affine merge candidate list for an affine merge mode with prediction offsets that is used by the UMVE mode, or a table field that signals a distance table or a direction table for the affine merge mode with prediction offsets.

Techniques are disclosed for the creation of multi-codec encoding profiles (or encoding ladders), which define quality and bitrate for each of the streams made available to clients for streaming a video. In particular, optimization techniques may take into account a quality rate function of each of the codecs when determining the encoding ladder. Additional considerations may include a network bandwidth distribution and/or a distribution of client types.

Techniques are disclosed for the creation of multi-codec encoding profiles (or encoding ladders), which define quality and bitrate for each of the streams made available to clients for streaming a video. In particular, optimization techniques may take into account a quality rate function of each of the codecs when determining the encoding ladder. Additional considerations may include a network bandwidth distribution and/or a distribution of client types.

An image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus according to the present document comprises the steps of: obtaining image information; performing a picture management process for pictures of a decoded picture buffer (DPB) on the basis of the image information; and decoding a current picture on the basis of the pictures, wherein the image information includes an output layer set (OLS) DPB parameter index for a target OLS, and the picture management process is performed on the basis of DPB parameter information for the target OLS derived on the basis of the OLS DPB parameter index.

An image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus according to the present document comprises the steps of: obtaining image information; performing a picture management process for pictures of a decoded picture buffer (DPB) on the basis of the image information; and decoding a current picture on the basis of the pictures, wherein the image information includes an output layer set (OLS) DPB parameter index for a target OLS, and the picture management process is performed on the basis of DPB parameter information for the target OLS derived on the basis of the OLS DPB parameter index.

An example device for coding point cloud data includes a memory configured to store point cloud data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: determine whether inter prediction data is coded for a current node of an octree of the point cloud data; determine whether planar mask data is coded for the current node; when at least one of the inter prediction data or the planar mask data is coded for the current node, avoid coding a single occupancy value for the current node, the single occupancy value indicating whether only a single sub-node of the current node includes a point; and code the current node. The processors may also be configured to determine a context for entropy coding the planar mask data according to planar mask data for a collocated node in a reference frame when the planar mask data is coded.