Data may be encoded to minimize distortion after decoding, but the quality required for presentation of the decoded data to a machine and the quality required for presentation to a human may be different. To accommodate different quality requirements, video data may be encoded to produce a first set of encoded data and a second set of encoded data, where the first set may be decoded for use by one of a machine consumer or a human consumer, and a combination of the first set and the second set may be decoded for use by the other of a machine consumer or a human consumer. The first and second set may be produced with a neural encoder and a neural decoder, and/or may be produced with the use of prediction and transform neural network modules. A human-targeted structure and a machine-targeted structure may produce the sets of encoded data.

The present invention relates to block merging according to block split among video coding techniques, and a method and an apparatus for coding and decoding a video, in which in generating and modifying a block merging list, spatial merging candidate blocks of the block merging list are changed according to a split type and order of a current coding unit.

A video decoding method according to the present invention may comprise: a step for determining whether to divide a current block into a plurality of sub-blocks; a step for determining an intra prediction mode for the current block; and a step for performing intra prediction for each sub-block on the basis of the intra prediction mode, when the current block is divided into the plurality of sub-blocks.

An apparatus for block-wise decoding a picture from a data stream and/or encoding a picture into a data stream, the apparatus supporting at least one intra-prediction mode according to which the intra-prediction signal for a block of a predetermined size of the picture is determined by applying a first template of samples which neighbours the current block onto a neural network. The apparatus may be configured, for a current block differing from the predetermined size, to: resample a second template of samples neighboring the current block, so as to conform with the first template so as to obtain a resampled template; apply the resampled template of samples onto the neural network so as to obtain a preliminary intra-prediction signal; and resample the preliminary intra-prediction signal so as to conform with the current block so as to obtain the intra-prediction signal for the current block.

Techniques are disclosed for coding high dynamic range (HDR) data. According to such techniques, HDR data may be converted to a domain of uniform luminance data. The uniform domain data may be coded by motion compensated predictive coding. The HDR data also may be coded by motion compensated predictive coding, using a coding parameter that is derived from a counterpart coding parameter of the coding of the uniform domain data. In another technique, HDR data may be coded using coding parameters that are derived from HDR domain processing but distortion measurements may be performed in a uniform domain.

The disclosure describes generating a prediction block for matrix intra prediction (MIP) tool. A video coder (e.g., video encode or video decoder) may generate intra prediction samples based on reference samples, where the intra prediction samples are a subsampled set of samples of the prediction block. The video coder may clip the intra prediction samples, and after clipping the intra prediction samples, generate one or more remaining samples of the prediction block.

The present disclosure relates to encoding and decoding video by employing texture coding. In particular, a texture region is identified within a video picture and a texture patch is determined for the texture region. Moreover, a first set of parameters is derived specifying weighting factors for reconstructing spectral coefficients of the texture region by fitting the texture region in a spectral domain to a first function of the texture patch, the first function being defined by the first set of parameters. The texture patch and the first set of parameters are then included into a bitstream which is output by an encoder and provided in this way to the decoder which reconstructs the texture based on the patch and the function applied to the patch.

An encoder that encodes a current block in a picture includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry: performs a first transform on a residual signal of the current block using a first transform basis to generate first transform coefficients; and performs a second transform on the first transform coefficients using a second transform basis to generate second transform coefficients and quantizes the second transform coefficients, when the first transform basis is the same as a predetermined transform basis; and quantizes the first transform coefficients without performing the second transform, when the first transform basis is different from the predetermined transform basis.

An embedded codec (EBC) circuitry includes encoder circuitry to determine a count of bits required to encode a plurality of quantized prediction residual levels in each sub-block of a plurality of sub-blocks of an image block, for a first coding scheme and a second coding scheme. The encoder circuitry allocates a bit value to a signaling bit for each sub-block of the plurality of sub-blocks, based on the determined count of bits. A value of the signaling bit represents either the first coding scheme or the second coding scheme. The encoder circuitry generates a bit-stream of the image block by selective application of either the first coding scheme or the second coding scheme on each sub-block of the plurality of sub-blocks, based on the value allocated to the signaling bit for each sub-block of the plurality of sub-blocks.

An image decoding apparatus and an image coding apparatus are implemented that are capable of more efficiently and effectively performing reconstruction of a prediction residual for a TU. An image decoding apparatus (1) is an image decoding apparatus including: a transforming unit (15) configured to perform, on a prescribed unit basis, inverse transform of a transform coefficient or a modification transform coefficient by using a transform basis selected from a plurality of the transform bases, in which the plurality of the transform bases include a first transform basis and a second transform basis obtained by performing symmetric transform of the first transform basis.