An encoder for receiving a video frame and performing encoding processes to generate an encoded bitstream includes: a fidelity enhancement block, for performing a fidelity enhancement technique on processed data utilizing a partition method, and generating fidelity enhancement information comprising at least one parameter associated with a partition structure, wherein the fidelity enhancement technique comprises applying discrepancy modeling based on DC offset; and an entropy coding block, coupled to the fidelity enhancement block, for encoding the fidelity enhancement information, and embedding the encoded fidelity enhancement information into the encoded bitstream.

Information available from coding/decoding the base layer, i.e. base-layer hints, is exploited to render the motion-compensated prediction of the enhancement layer more efficient by more efficiently coding the enhancement layer motion parameters.

In a scheme in which only a part of one picture is intra-predicted and the rest of the region is inter-predicted, generation of a significant code amount and generation of a delay can be avoided in a specific picture. However, because only a part of the picture is coded by means of the intra prediction, coding efficiency is deteriorated as compared to an I picture in which the entire picture is coded by means of the intra prediction. A picture is split into a restricted region and a non-restricted region. Prediction is performed by using an intra prediction in which only a pixel of the restricted region is referred to or an inter prediction in which a restricted reference region of a reference picture is referred to for a block of the restricted region. Prediction is performed by using the intra prediction in which a decoded pixel in the picture is referred to or the inter prediction in which the reference picture is referred to for the block of the non-restricted region. After decoding of the picture, the restricted region is configured as the restricted reference region.

An asymmetric deblocking method for deblocking a boundary between a P block and a Q block such that 5 samples within the P block and 7 or 3 samples within the Q block are modified. The method includes determining a value refP based on at least p5, determining a value refQ based on at least qx, wherein qx is q3 or q7; determining a value refMiddle based on at least p0 and q0, wherein p0 is directly adjacent to the boundary and q0 is directly adjacent to the boundary; performing a linear interpolation between refP and refMiddle; and performing a linear interpolation between refQ and refMiddle.

The present disclosure relates to deblocking filtering, which may be advantageously applied for block-wise encoding and decoding of images or video signals. In particular, the present disclosure relates to an improved memory management in an automated decision on whether to apply or skip deblocking filtering for a block and to selection of the deblocking filter. The decision is performed on the basis of a segmentation of blocks in such a manner that memory usage is optimized. Preferably, the selection of appropriate deblocking filters is improved so as to reduce computational expense.

The coding efficiency of scalable video coding is increased by substituting missing spatial intra prediction parameter candidates in a spatial neighborhood of a current block of the enhancement layer by use of intra prediction parameters of a co-located block of the base layer signal. By this measure, the coding efficiency for coding the spatial intra prediction parameters is increased due to the improved prediction quality of the set of intra prediction parameters of the enhancement layer, or, more precisely stated, the increased likelihood, that appropriate predictors for the intra prediction parameters for an intra predicted block of the enhancement layer are available thereby increasing the likelihood that the signaling of the intra prediction parameter of the respective enhancement layer block may be performed, on average, with less bits.

Scalable video coding is rendered more efficient by deriving/selecting a subblock subdivision to be used for enhancement layer prediction, among a set of possible subblock subdivisions of an enhancement layer block by evaluating the spatial variation of the base layer coding parameters over the base layer signal. By this measure, less of the signalization overhead has to be spent on signaling this subblock subdivision within the enhancement layer data stream, if any. The subblock subdivision thus selected may be used in predictively coding/decoding the enhancement layer signal.

Some embodiments include apparatuses and methods having a conductive line, a memory cell string including memory cells located in different levels the apparatus, and a select circuit including a select transistor and a coupling component coupled between the conductive line and the memory cell string. Other embodiments including additional apparatuses and methods are described.

The present disclosure relates to deblocking filtering, which may be advantageously applied for block-wise encoding and decoding of images or video signals. In particular, the present disclosure relates to an improved memory management in an automated decision on whether to apply or skip deblocking filtering for a block and to selection of the deblocking filter. The decision is performed on the basis of a segmentation of blocks in such a manner that memory usage is optimized. Preferably, the selection of appropriate deblocking filters is improved so as to reduce computational expense.

An encoding device evaluates a plurality of processing and/or post-processing algorithms and/or methods to be applied to a video stream, and signals a selected method, algorithm, class or category of methods/algorithms either in an encoded bitstream or as side information related to the encoded bitstream. A decoding device or post-processor utilizes the signaled algorithm or selects an algorithm/method based on the signaled method or algorithm. The selection is based, for example, on availability of the algorithm/method at the decoder/post-processor and/or cost of implementation. The video stream may comprise, for example, downsampled multiplexed stereoscopic images and the selected algorithm may include any of upconversion and/or error correction techniques that contribute to a restoration of the downsampled images.