A video endoscope for fluorescence imaging, with an elongate shaft and video camera at a distal end. The video camera includes an objective lens system and image acquisition system. The objective lens system configured to receive light and/or reflect from and to transmit the received light towards the image acquisition system. The image acquisition system includes: a beam splitter for splitting light first and second optical beam paths, first and second imaging chips for receiving light transmitted along the first and second beam paths, respectively. The beam splitter, and first and second imaging chips configured to facilitate concurrent acquisition of a white light image obtained by illuminating the target with white light and receiving light reflected from a target, and a fluorescence image obtained by illuminating the target with excitation light and receiving fluorescence light emitted by the target in response to illumination with excitation light.

A video endoscope for fluorescence imaging, with an elongate shaft and video camera at a distal end. The video camera includes an objective lens system and image acquisition system. The objective lens system configured to receive light and/or reflect from and to transmit the received light towards the image acquisition system. The image acquisition system includes: a beam splitter for splitting light first and second optical beam paths, first and second imaging chips for receiving light transmitted along the first and second beam paths, respectively. The beam splitter, and first and second imaging chips configured to facilitate concurrent acquisition of a white light image obtained by illuminating the target with white light and receiving light reflected from a target, and a fluorescence image obtained by illuminating the target with excitation light and receiving fluorescence light emitted by the target in response to illumination with excitation light.

The pixel unit includes a base, the base being provided with an installation space; a photodiode, the photodiode being installed in the installation space, and the photodiode including a red photodiode, a green photodiode, and a blue photodiode that are spaced from each other; and an optical splitter, the optical splitter being installed on the base, at least part of the optical splitter being located in the installation space, the optical splitter having a light-in surface, a first light-out surface, a second light-out surface and a third light-out surface, and the optical splitter being configured to disperse light entering the light-in surface and then emit the light from the first light-out surface, the second light-out surface and the third light-out surface, where the first light-out surface faces the red photodiode, the second light-out surface faces the green photodiode, and the third light-out surface faces the blue photodiode.

The pixel unit includes a base, the base being provided with an installation space; a photodiode, the photodiode being installed in the installation space, and the photodiode including a red photodiode, a green photodiode, and a blue photodiode that are spaced from each other; and an optical splitter, the optical splitter being installed on the base, at least part of the optical splitter being located in the installation space, the optical splitter having a light-in surface, a first light-out surface, a second light-out surface and a third light-out surface, and the optical splitter being configured to disperse light entering the light-in surface and then emit the light from the first light-out surface, the second light-out surface and the third light-out surface, where the first light-out surface faces the red photodiode, the second light-out surface faces the green photodiode, and the third light-out surface faces the blue photodiode.

Imaging systems providing high resolution, low light images with significant dynamic range are disclosed. The improvements to photo imaging sensors providing low costs and yet higher performance sensors may be obtained an enhanced photosensor generating a single color channel image per photosensor. The single color channel image contains luminence values corresponding to light focused onto the photosensor. The plurality of photosensors are constructed using Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) nanowire structures and nanopyramid structures used in cells within an array of cells. Photosensors may be constructed as single color imaging devices as well as multi-color devices. The generation of various color channel images are controlled using metasurface filter structures as well as color filter layers setting a wavelength for absorbed light by controlling a concentration of indium gallium nitride (InGaN) within the color filter layers.

Digital camera systems and methods are described that provide a color digital camera with direct luminance detection. The luminance signals are obtained directly from a broadband image sensor channel without interpolation of RGB data. The chrominance signals are obtained from one or more additional image sensor channels comprising red and/or blue color band detection capability. The red and blue signals are directly combined with the luminance image sensor channel signals. The digital camera generates and outputs an image in YCrCb color space by directly combining outputs of the broadband, red and blue sensors.

Systems and methods for implementing array cameras configured to perform super-resolution processing to generate higher resolution super-resolved images using a plurality of captured images and lens stack arrays that can be utilized in array cameras are disclosed. An imaging device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes at least one imager array, and each imager in the array comprises a plurality of light sensing elements and a lens stack including at least one lens surface, where the lens stack is configured to form an image on the light sensing elements, control circuitry configured to capture images formed on the light sensing elements of each of the imagers, and a super-resolution processing module configured to generate at least one higher resolution super-resolved image using a plurality of the captured images.

A method includes sampling a first intensity of light with a first array of photo detectors of a digital camera. A second intensity of light is sampled with a second array of photo detectors of the digital camera. A first channel processor coupled to the first array of photo detectors generates a first image using first array data which is representative of the first intensity of light sampled by the first array of photo detectors. A second channel processor coupled to the second array of photo detectors generates a second image using second array data which is representative of the second intensity of light sampled by the second array of photo detectors. The first array of photo detectors, the second array of photo detectors, the first channel processor, and the second channel processor are integrated on or in a semiconductor substrate.

A system, method, and computer program product for generating a digital image is disclosed. In use, a first image set is captured by a first image sensor, the first image set including two or more first source images and a plurality of chrominance values, and a second image set is captured by a second image sensor, the second image set including two or more second source images and a plurality of luminance values. Next, a first image of the first source images and a second image of the first source images are combined to form a first pair of source images, and a first image of the second source images and a second image of the second source images are combined to form a second pair of source images. Additionally, a first resulting image by is generated combining the first pair of source images with the second pair of source images. Additional systems, methods, and computer program products are also presented.

An endoscope includes a four color separation prism having a first color separation prism, a second color separation prism, a third color separation prism, and a fourth color separation prism which respectively separate light incident from an affected area into a blue, red and green color components, and an IR component, first, second, third and fourth color image sensors, and a signal output. The first color separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism, and the fourth color separation prism are sequentially disposed from an object side when receiving the light incident from the affected area. The first color image sensor is disposed opposite to the second color image sensor and the third color image sensor across an incident ray which is incident vertically to an object side incident surface of the first color separation prism.