Provided is a time of flight (ToF) sensor and a method for controlling the ToF sensor. The ToF sensor includes a first light emitter configured to output first light of a first pattern, a second light emitter configured to output second light of a second pattern, an image sensor including a plurality of pixels, and at least one processor configured to control the first light emitter and the second light emitter to sequentially output the first light and the second light, obtain, based on the output first light and second light being received through the image sensor by being reflected by a plurality of objects, a first image frame corresponding to the received first light and a second image frame corresponding to the received second light, and identify distances between the ToF sensor and the plurality of objects based on the first image frame and the second image frame.

Techniques are provided for x-ray onset detection for an intraoral dental sensor. A methodology implementing the techniques according to an embodiment includes calculating a plurality of superpixel values for each of a plurality of rows of detector pixels of a sensor. Each of the superpixel values is based on a sum of pixel values of a set of pixels associated with the superpixel value, the set of pixels selected from the detection row of a current frame of the sensor. The method also includes calculating a difference between each of the superpixel values and a corresponding stored superpixel value generated from a previous sensor frame and determining if the differences exceed a superpixel threshold value. The method further includes incrementing a hit counter in response to the determination and generating a detection signal if the hit counter exceeds a hit count threshold, otherwise proceeding to process the next detection row.

An imaging device may include a plurality of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) pixels. The SPAD pixels may be overlapped by square toroidal microlenses to direct light incident on the pixels onto photosensitive regions of the pixels. The square toroidal microlenses may be formed as first and second sets of microlenses aligned with every other SPAD pixel and may allow the square toroidal microlenses to be formed without gaps between adjacent lenses. Additionally or alternatively, a central portion of each square toroidal microlenses may be filled by a fill-in microlens. Together, the square toroidal microlenses and the fill-in microlenses may form convex microlenses over each SPAD pixel. The fill-in microlenses may be formed from material having a higher index of refraction than material that forms the square toroidal microlenses.

An imaging device capable of producing images or data with relatively high spectral diversity, allowing for creation of information-rich feature vectors, is provided. Among other things, such information-rich feature vectors may be applied to a range of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. The imaging device may include a substrate having a baseline spectral responsivity function, multiple pixels forming a cell fabricated on the substrate, and spectral filters each configured to filter light based on a transmission function corresponding to a substantially broad portion of the baseline spectral responsivity function. The spectral filters may be notch filters. Each of the multiple pixels in the cell may be configured to receive light through each of the spectral filters. The transmission function of each of the spectral filters may be substantially different for each of at least a majority of the multiple pixels in the cell.

An imaging device capable of producing images or data with relatively high spectral diversity, allowing for creation of information-rich feature vectors, is provided. Among other things, such information-rich feature vectors may be applied to a range of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. The imaging device may include a substrate having a baseline spectral responsivity function, multiple pixels forming a cell fabricated on the substrate, and spectral filters each configured to filter light based on a transmission function corresponding to a substantially broad portion of the baseline spectral responsivity function. The spectral filters may be notch filters. Each of the multiple pixels in the cell may be configured to receive light through each of the spectral filters. The transmission function of each of the spectral filters may be substantially different for each of at least a majority of the multiple pixels in the cell.

An image sensing device is provided. The device comprises pixels including a first pixel which belongs to a first row and a first column, a second pixel which belongs to a second row and the first column and a third pixel which belongs to the second row and a second column, and readout units including a first readout circuit connected to the first and second pixels and a second readout circuit connected to the third pixel. The device performs a first operation and a second operation after the first operation. In the first operation, signal readout from the first and third pixels are performed. In the second operation, signal readout from the second pixel is performed. A controller determines, based on the signal generated by the first operation, a control parameter using to control the second operation.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for multi-application optical sensing are provided. For example, an optical sensing apparatus can include a photodetector array, a first circuitry, and a second circuitry. The photodetector array includes a plurality of photodetectors, wherein a first subset of the plurality of photodetectors are configured as a first region for detecting a first optical signal, and a second subset of the plurality of photodetectors are configured as a second region for detecting a second optical signal. The first circuitry, coupled to the first region, is configured to perform a first function based on the first optical signal to output a first output result. The second circuitry, coupled to the second region, is configured to perform a second function based on the second optical signal to output a second output result.

An imaging system includes a primary imager and plurality of 3A-control sensors. The primary imager has a first field of view and includes a primary image sensor and a primary imaging lens with a first optical axis. The primary image sensor has a primary pixel array and control circuitry communicatively coupled thereto. The plurality of 3A-control sensors includes at least one of a peripheral imager and a 3A-control sensor. The peripheral imager, if included, has a second field of view including (i) at least part of the first field of view and (ii) a phase-difference auto-focus (PDAF) sensor and a peripheral imaging lens, the PDAF sensor being separate from the primary image sensor. The 3A-control sensor, if included, is separate from the primary pixel array and communicatively connected to the control circuitry to provide one of auto-white balance and exposure control for the primary pixel array.

An image sensor includes a pixel array including a plurality of pixel units, and a controller configured to generate a light control signal for controlling light reflected from an object to expose the plurality of pixel units to the light at least twice during generation of an image frame.

A radiation imaging apparatus including conversion elements acquiring a radiation image and detectors, a readout unit and a controller is provided. In a first operation, the controller causes the readout unit to output a composition signal obtained by composing signals from the detectors, detects irradiation with radiation based on the composition signal, and shifts to a second operation. In the second operation, the controller acquires first signals individually read out from the detectors, decides a signal component, of the composition signal, which is output from a selected detector of the detectors in accordance with a ratio of the first signal from the selected detector to a sum of the first signals, and acquires an integrated dose of radiation incident on the selected detector based on the signal component and the first signal of the selected detector.