A digital data communications network that supports efficient, scalable routing of data and use of network resources by combining a recursive division of the network into hierarchical sub-networks with repeating parameterized general purpose link communication protocols and an addressing methodology that reflects the physical structure of the underlying network hardware. The sub-division of the network enhances security by reducing the amount of the network visible to an attack and by insulating the network hardware itself from attack. The fixed bandwidth range at each sub-network level allows quality of service to be assured and controlled. The routing of data is aided by a topological addressing scheme that allows data packets to be forwarded towards their destination based on only local knowledge of the network structure, with automatic support for mobility and multicasting. The repeating structures in the network greatly simplify network management and reduce the effort to engineer new network capabilities.

Methods, systems and devices for network congestion control exploit the inherent burstiness of network traffic, using a wave-based characterization of network traffic and corresponding multiplexing methods and approaches.

A digital data communications network that supports efficient, scalable routing of data and use of network resources by combining a recursive division of the network into hierarchical sub-networks with repeating parameterized general purpose link communication protocols and an addressing methodology that reflects the physical structure of the underlying network hardware. The sub-division of the network enhances security by reducing the amount of the network visible to an attack and by insulating the network hardware itself from attack. The fixed bandwidth range at each sub-network level allows quality of service to be assured and controlled. The routing of data is aided by a topological addressing scheme that allows data packets to be forwarded towards their destination based on only local knowledge of the network structure, with automatic support for mobility and multicasting. The repeating structures in the network greatly simplify network management and reduce the effort to engineer new network capabilities.

Methods, systems and devices for network congestion control exploit the inherent burstiness of network traffic, using a wave-based characterization of network traffic and corresponding multiplexing methods and approaches.

Methods and systems for access control involve dynamically controlling an access to firmware running a certified feature in an energy meter and a non-certified feature in the energy meter. The access can be based on a bifurcation between the certified feature and the non-certified feature running in the energy meter on one or more of a single microcontroller or a group of different microcontrollers.

Method, system and computer program product, the product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium retaining instructions, which when read by a processor, cause the processor to: execute business logic applicable to first and second versions of a telephone exchange system, wherein communication with the first/second version is performed using an object of a first/second class compatible with the first/second version and not with the second/first version, and wherein the business logic is implemented using a universal object of a universal class comprising all fields and methods of the first and second classes; in response to determining to communicate with a first/second system implementing the first/second version: transform the universal object into a first/second object; and transmit the first/second object to the first/second system; wherein the processor is part of a computerized system that comprises a plurality of version-heterogenous telephone exchange systems, including the first and the second telephone exchange systems.