Examples relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer programs for a remote unit and a central unit of an optical line terminal. In particular, a central unit apparatus for an optical line terminal comprises one or more interfaces configured to communicate with one or more remote unit apparatuses via one or more communication links. The apparatus further comprises a processor configured to receive information on one or more upstream reports from the remote unit apparatuses, the upstream reports relate to one or more optical networks used by the remote unit apparatuses to communicate with a plurality of optical network users. The processor further determines information on bandwidth assignments for the plurality of optical network users based on the information on the one or more upstream reports and transmits the information on bandwidth assignments to the one or more remote unit apparatuses.

An object of the present disclosure is to enable each ONU to generate a plurality of logical paths corresponding to the number of terminal devices connected to the ONU without setting a plurality of MAC addresses in each ONU.

An optical network unit according to the present disclosure includes an ID acquisition unit 26 that acquires ID information unique to a terminal device 94 from the terminal device 94; a virtual MAC address generation unit that generates a virtual MAC address for the optical network unit by using the acquired ID information; a connection identification unit that generates a logical path between the optical network unit and an optical line terminal by using the generated virtual MAC address as a MAC address for an LLID (Logical Link ID); and a signal processing unit that refers to a table in which the identification information acquired by the virtual MAC address generation unit and the LLID are associated with each other to pass, to the terminal device, data transmitted and received using the logical path generated by the connection identification unit.

Various example embodiments for supporting dynamic control of network topologies are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting dynamic control of network topologies may be configured to support dynamic control of a network topology for a network of routers supporting a set of servers (e.g., a web scale network, a datacenter network, or the like). Various example embodiments for supporting dynamic control of network topologies may be configured to support dynamic control of a network topology based on integration of tunable optical ports into routers and connection of the tunable optical ports to optical buses. Various example embodiments for supporting dynamic control of network topologies may be configured to support dynamic control of a network topology based on dynamic configuration of tunable optical ports of routers to support communication over optical buses according to the network topology.

A network infrastructure combining data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) cable modem management and 10 Gb passive optical network XGPON networking technology. The DOCSIS equipment controls restrict the XGPON to physical layer (layer 1) while the DOCSIS equipment operate at a data link layer and above.

An optical network communication system utilizes a passive optical network (PON) and includes an optical line terminal (OLT) having a downstream transmitter and an upstream receiver, and an optical network unit (ONU) having a downstream receiver and an upstream transmitter. The downstream transmitter is configured to provide a coherent downlink transmission, and the downstream receiver is configured to obtain one or more downstream parameters from the coherent downlink transmission. The system further includes a long fiber configured to carry the coherent downlink transmission between the OLT and the ONU. The ONU is configured to communicate to the OLT a first upstream ranging request message, the OLT is configured to communicate to the ONU a first downstream acknowledgement in response to the upstream first ranging request message, and the ONU is configured to communicate to the OLT a second upstream ranging request message based on the first downstream acknowledgement.

Embodiments of the present application provide an optical line terminal line card and a method compatible with a PON function. The optical line terminal line card includes an optical module, a MAC module, a toggle switch, a switch controller, a series resistor and a pull-down resistor. The optical module is connected to the MAC module to form a first connection line, the series resistor is provided on a side of the first connection line close to the optical module and on the first connection line, the pull-down resistor is connected to the first connection line by means of a second connection line, the toggle switch is provided on the second connection line and is located between the first connection line and the pull-down resistor, and the switch controller is connected to the optical module and the toggle switch, respectively.

Disclosed herein are switch devices in terminal ends of a network and methods of using same. One embodiment relates to a terminal end of a network including a terminal end transceiver configured to communicate with one or more end user devices, and a switch device configured to automatically route communication at the terminal end transceiver between a primary communication path with a central office and an auxiliary communication path with the central office. Another embodiment relates to a method of switching between primary and auxiliary communication paths at a terminal end. Automatic switching is particularly applicable in a looped communication architecture with redundant communication paths for preventing interruption and increasing reliability for an improved user experience. Another embodiment relates to indexing with splices to reduce connections in a communication path and increase signal quality.

There is provided an optical network comprising first and second PONs, each including an OLT; one or more ONUs; and an optical splitter downstream of the OLT and upstream of the one or more ONUs. The splitter includes a plurality of inputs, one of the inputs being coupled to the OLT, and a plurality of outputs, each of the ONUs being coupled to one of the outputs. The optical network further includes an optical switch configured to switch the optical network from a first configuration to a second configuration in response to a fault being detected on the first PON. The second PON's splitter has a spare output that is uncoupled in the first configuration; and the first PON's splitter has a spare input that is: uncoupled in the first configuration, and coupled to the spare output of the second PON's splitter in the second configuration.

An ONU is provided. The ONU comprises a receiver configured to receive a first PON frame from an OLT, the first PON frame comprising a first PSBd field, the first PSBd field comprising a first PSync field, the first PSync field comprising first bits, and a first quantity of the first bits being greater than 64 bits; and a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to perform synchronization of the first PON frame by matching the first bits to a pre-stored sequence.

This application provides example optical communications apparatuses. One example optical communications apparatus includes a control apparatus and an optical module matching apparatus. The control apparatus can output a first control signal to the control end. An input end of the optical module matching apparatus can connect to a first optical module and receive a first electrical signal output by the first optical module. An output end of the optical module matching apparatus can output a first serial signal. The control apparatus can output a second control signal to the control end. The input end of the optical module matching apparatus can receive a second electrical signal output by the second optical module. The output end of the optical module matching apparatus can output a second serial signal. The first electrical signal and the second electrical signal can have different level types.