Embodiments of this application relate to the field of optical communications, and in particular, to a technology of processing data in an optical transport network. In a method for processing data, an optical network device extracts Ethernet data from a data frame of one path, converts the Ethernet data into another format, and places the Ethernet data converted into the another format into a data frame of another path. The optical network device is a destination device of the path and a source device of the another path. In addition, the optical network device further extracts overhead information from the data frame of the path, and inserts the overhead information into the data frame of the another path. The method for processing data provided in this application can implement interworking between different types of Ethernet interfaces. In addition, by using cross-path overhead processing, the method reduces path management complexity.

Provided are a ranging method and a communication method for an optical network, an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), an Optical Network Unit (ONU), and an optical network system. The OLT sends a broadcast message to the ONU, the broadcast message being used to indicate an uplink bandwidth allocated to the ONU. The OLT opens a quiet window for the ONU in a predetermined region. The OLT receives an uplink signal sent by the ONU at the quiet window.

Provided are a link establishment method and apparatus and a computer-readable storage medium. The link establishment method includes: exchanging optical link auto-negotiation information with a terminal device through an optical link auto-negotiation channel; and in a case where exchanging the optical link auto-negotiation information is finished, establishing at least one of a traffic data channel or an optical link auto-negotiation channel; where the optical link auto-negotiation channel is independent of the traffic data channel or the optical link auto-negotiation channel; and the optical link auto-negotiation information includes at least one of information about an operating wavelength channel of the terminal device, an enabled or disabled state of forward error correction with the terminal device, a forward error correction type with the terminal device, or an operating mode of the auxiliary management channel.

Consistent the present disclosure, a network or system is provided in which a hub or primary node may communication with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity that may be greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed that receive data carrying optical signals from and supply data carrying optical signals to the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Consistent with an aspect of the present disclosure, optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. In addition, the subcarriers may be employed using multiple access techniques, such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM), code-division multiple access (CDMA), and time-division multiple access so that the primary node can communicate with a relatively large number of secondary nodes. In addition, an out-of-band control channel may be provided to carry OAM information from the primary node to the secondary nodes, as well as from the secondary nodes to the primary nodes.

A network or system in which a hub or primary node may communicate with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. As the bandwidth or capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers, and thus the amount of data provided to each node, may be changed accordingly. Each subcarrier within a dedicated group of subcarriers may carry OAM or control channel information to a corresponding leaf node, and such information may be used by the leaf node to configure the leaf node to have a desired bandwidth or capacity.

Signals may be forwarded to a variety of ports for transmission. The signals may be modulated for transmission. The forwarding of signals to ports may be accomplished by forwarding the signals to one or more signal modulators using a processing unit. The mapping of signals to ports may change responsive to a triggering event.

Systems and methods implemented by a network element in a G.8032 ring include steps of operating an Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) session with an adjacent network element; and detecting an optical bypass in the G.8032 ring based on the OAM session. The steps can include flushing a forwarding database of the network element based on the optical bypass. The steps can include detecting prior to the optical bypass, that a neighboring node includes a ring block; and subsequent to the optical bypass, installing a new channel block. The optical bypass enables faster protection switching and the present disclosure incorporates an optical bypass in G.8032.

The described implementations relate a Passive Optical Network (PON). In one implementation, the PON includes an Optical Network Unit (ONU) that has at least one transmitter subsystem component and an associated optical transmitter. The at least one transmitter subsystem component may be configured to be in an enabled state during a timeslot period assigned to the ONU for transmitting an upstream data burst and a disabled state after the timeslot ends.

Embodiments are generally directed apparatuses, methods, techniques and so forth determine an access level of operation based on an indication received via one or more network links from a pod management controller, and enable or disable a firmware update capability for a firmware device based on the access level of operation, the firmware update capability to change firmware for the firmware device. Embodiments may also include determining one or more configuration settings of a plurality of configuration settings to enable for configuration based on the access level of operation, and enable configuration of the one or more configuration settings.

A network or system in which a hub or primary node may communicate with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. As the bandwidth or capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers, and thus the amount of data provided to each node, may be changed accordingly. Each subcarrier within a dedicated group of subcarriers may carry OAM or control channel information to a corresponding leaf node, and such information may be used by the leaf node to configure the leaf node to have a desired bandwidth or capacity.