This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for link adaptation in a wireless local area network (WLAN). A link adaptation test packet from a first WLAN device to a second WLAN device may be formatted as a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) transmission and may include one or more test portions for link quality estimation of the MIMO transmission. A link quality estimation portion of the test packet may permit measurement of link quality for various spatial streams of the MIMO transmission. The link adaptation test packet may enable a fast rate adaptation of a communication link based on the impact of interference to the various spatial streams. The second WLAN device may provide feedback information regarding the one or more test portions. The feedback information may be used to determine a transmission rate for a subsequent transmission from the first WLAN device to the second WLAN device based on wireless channel conditions.

A method for managing a communication set up according to a first communication mode between terminals in a telecommunications system. The method includes: obtaining, by a first terminal participating in the communication, a request to change communication mode so as to transition from the first communication mode to a second communication mode; switching the communication from the first communication mode to the second communication mode; wherein the first communication mode and the second communication mode are different communication modes in a set comprising a two-way voice communication mode, a one-way voice communication mode, and a text-based communication mode.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for channel access using an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). A method that may be performed by a network entity includes monitoring candidate paths for channel access, wherein the candidate paths include one or more paths through an intelligent reflecting surface; determining at least one path among the candidate paths for communications with a first wireless node based at least in part on one or more criteria associated with the candidate paths and obtained from monitoring the candidate paths; and communicating with the first wireless node via the at least one path.

A communication device controls a first communication flow performed by a first terminal and a second communication flow performed by a second terminal. Both of the first communication flow and the second communication flow pass through a sharing section, and the second communication flow has a higher priority than a priority of the first communication flow. The communication device acquires a communication delay in the sharing section; acquires a rated delay of the second communication flow, the rated delay is a communication delay allowed to the second communication flow; and limits input of data from the first communication flow and the second communication flow to the sharing section based on a comparison result between the communication delay of the sharing section and the rated delay.

An apparatus and system of collecting and reporting measurements for an Edge Application Server and 5.sup.th generation core network (5GC) network functions (NFs) that impact EAS performance are described. An application service provider (ASP) receives EAS performance measurements from edge computing service provider (ECSP) management system. The ECSP management system receives from the PLMN management system performance measurements from the 5GC NF that impact edge computing applications. The measurements are used to evaluate the end-to-end EAS performance, and determine actions to mitigate any issues based thereon.

A control plane function receives subscription information indicating that a wireless device subscribes to a service. The control plane function receives, from an authorization server, an authorization for the service of the wireless device. The control plane function sends, to a base station, one or more messages indicating an activation of one or more radio access network functions related to the service of the wireless device, based on the subscription information indicating that the wireless device subscribes to the service and the service being authorized.

This application provides a method and an apparatus for determining an air interface latency and relates to the field of communications technologies. In the method, an access network device obtains an air interface latency of a downlink data packet and schedules the downlink data packet based on the air interface latency of the downlink data packet. The air interface latency of the downlink data packet is calculated based on a round-trip latency, and the round-trip latency is a latency from when a terminal sends an uplink data packet to when the terminal receives the downlink data packet corresponding to the uplink data packet. In the method, the access network device may schedule the downlink data packet based on the air interface latency of the downlink data packet, so as to precisely control a latency in uplink and downlink data transmission.

A communication method includes receiving, by a first terminal device, first information sent by a second terminal device. The first information includes information indicating a second beam selected by the second terminal device. The communication method also includes sending, by the first terminal device, (1) identification information of the second terminal device, or (2) identification information and the first information, to a network device. The first terminal device is a cluster head node, and the second terminal device is a member node of a cluster to which the first terminal device belongs.

A data transmission device includes a wireless communication unit that wirelessly communicates with an external communication device, a travel route information acquirer that acquires a future travel route of a moving object, a travel route, a propagation environment information acquirer that acquires propagation environment information of a radio wave propagation path used in wireless communication, a speed information acquisition unit that acquires the moving speed of a moving object, and a converter that converts a relationship between the travel route and propagation environment information into a plurality of data slots each defined by the communication speed per unit time; a transmission instructor that instructs the wireless communication unit to transmit the data allocated to the data slot.

Disclosed in embodiments of this application are a data processing method and apparatus, a terminal device, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the terminal device determines that a delay is less than a standard index, estimation of a load situation of a base station is triggered. Based on an obtained load value, a QoS service request can be initiated by the terminal device in a accordance with a determination that the base station is heavily-loaded, thereby effectively avoiding ineffective calling of a QoS service by the terminal device and improving effectiveness of service calling.