A random access method and device. The method includes receiving, by user equipment, a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message from a first network device, the RRC connection reconfiguration message indicating a primary serving cell of the second network device for a user equipment, an active uplink bandwidth part (BWP) in the primary serving cell, and an active downlink BWP in the primary serving cell, the RRC connection reconfiguration message includes an uplink BWP identifier indicating the active uplink BWP and a downlink BWP identifier indicating the active downlink BWP, the uplink BWP identifier corresponds to the active uplink BWP, the downlink BWP identifier corresponds to the active downlink BWP, and initiating, by the user equipment, a random access procedure to the second network device on the active uplink BWP and the active downlink BWP.

Methods and systems are provided for signal offloading in an mmWave environment (e.g., in the event of high fading). The methods and systems include one or more mmWave nodes that are each configured to wirelessly communicate with a user device in a geographic service area and a Wi-Fi access point configured to wirelessly communicate with the user device. The methods and systems determine that fading or loading of an mmWave signal transmitted by one of the one or more mmWave nodes is above a threshold. In response to the fading or loading being above the threshold, the methods and systems redirect a control signal of the user device through the Wi-Fi access point to the one or more mmWave nodes, such that the user device maintains a dual connection with the Wi-Fi access point via the control signal and the mm Wave node.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for improving a network energy saving (NES) mode. An example method performed by a first user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a first network entity associated with a source cell, configuration information indicating one or more conditions for executing a conditional handover from the first network entity associated with the source cell to a second network entity associated with a target cell, receiving, from the first network entity associated with the source cell, a trigger signal including a trigger command for the conditional handover, and taking one or more actions related to executing the conditional handover based on the trigger signal and the one or more conditions.

Provided is a terminal apparatus, wherein based on detection of a request, for a PDCP SDU received from an upper layer, the terminal apparatus performs header compression of the PDCP SDU by using second header compression processing, performing ciphering by using a second ciphering algorithm, a second ciphering key, and a COUNT value, performs integrity protection of the PDCP SDU by using a second integrity protection algorithm, a second integrity protection key, and the COUNT value, and submits a PDCP PDU created, to the second RLC entity.

An infrastructure equipment for providing a wireless interface to a communications node in a wireless communications network, the infrastructure equipment configured to support a wireless backhaul configuration for the communications node, wherein in the wireless backhaul configuration the communications node is configured to provide a wireless backhaul between one or more communications devices and the infrastructure equipment, the infrastructure equipment configured to: transmit one or more handover requests including first node configuration information for the communications node and first device configuration information for each of the one or more communications devices; receive one or more handover request acknowledgements; determine second device configuration information based on the one or more handover request acknowledgements; and transmit, to the first communications device, the second device configuration information for the first communications device.

A gateway for X2 interface communication is provided, including: an X2 internal interface for communicating with, and coupled to, a plurality of radio access networks (RANs); and an X2 external interface for communicating with, and coupled to, a destination outside of the plurality of RANs, the X2 external interface further including a single X2 endpoint for the plurality of radio access networks, such that the X2 external interface provides a single interface for an external macro cell or core network to interact with the plurality of radio access networks. The gateway may further include a handover module for maintaining X2 signaling associations and transactions for incoming and outbound handovers, including X2 to S1 and S1 to X2 translation.

Provided is a method for configuring resources in a handover process. The method includes: receiving, by a terminal device, a first handover message from a source network device, wherein the first handover message is configured by a target network device, the first handover message comprising at least one of: a subcarrier spacing configuration, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) configuration, a control-resource set configuration, a search space set configuration, a configured grant configuration, a first radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), timing adjustment indication information, an uplink scheduling timing offset value Koffset, or uplink transmission waveform information, the target network device being a network device of a target cell; and accessing, by the terminal device, the target cell based on the first handover message.

Some embodiments include an apparatus, method, and computer program product for access point (AP)-assisted AP transition. Using AP-assisted AP transitions, when the STA is associated with a first access point (AP) and is transitioning to a second AP, a station (STA) can transmit to the second AP a control signal including a first indication for sequence number (SN) maintenance. The STA can receive from the second AP responsive to the first indication for SN maintenance, a first downlink (DL) transmission including a next SN. The next SN can be a continuation of an SN sequence utilized by the first AP for one or more previous DL transmissions.

A method, apparatus and computer readable medium for improving a wireless communication system. The wireless communication system is improved by: receiving a handover request acknowledgement message from a second network device, sending control information to the terminal to control the terminal, wherein the control information indicates a control action corresponding to a type of the second network device.

A source base station receives a first data packet from a core network device; a target base station receives a second data packet from the core network device, where the second data packet is a duplicate of the first data packet, and the first data packet and the second data packet each include a first index; the source base station sends first indication information to the target base station, where the first indication information indicates a mapping relationship between the first index and a second index; the source base station sends a third data packet to a user equipment UE in response to the first data packet; the target base station sends a fourth data packet to the UE in response to the second data packet, where the third data packet and the fourth data packet each include the second index.