Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for enforcing limited mobility in a mobile network. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive (e.g., receive from a network) a mapping of physical cell identifications (PCIs) to area identifications (AIDs). The WTRU may determine a first PCI associated with a first neighbor cell. The WTRU may determine, based on the first PCI and the PCIs to AIDs mapping, whether the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell. The WTRU may perform cell selection or reselection with the first neighbor cell as a cell selection or reselection candidate. The WTRU may perform cell selection or reselection based on the WTRU determining that the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell. The WTRU may determine that the WTRU is allowed to access the first neighbor cell based on the first PCI and the PCIs to AIDs mapping.

A method in a serving radio base station (310, 510, 720) of a first radio access network, serving a wireless radio device (390, 590, 790), comprising or initiating the steps of:—receiving a measurement report, wherein the measurement report is based on a reference signal received by the wireless radio device (390, 590, 790) from a radio base station (321, 521, 711) in a further radio access network;—sending an identification request referring to the radio base station (321, 521, 711) in the further radio access network to at least one neighbor radio base station (311, 312, 320, 330, 522, 512, 530, 721, 722, 730) of the serving radio base station (310, 510, 720);—establishing a neighbor relation using the information about the identification of the radio base station (321, 521, 711) in the further radio access network, based on received identification information.

When frequency range 1 (FR1) (e.g., Sub6 Ghz radio coverage), and FR2 (e.g., mmW coverage) are present in a given area, there can be a broader coverage from FR1 broadcasting in addition to targeted coverage from FR2 broadcasting. Consequently, FR1 can overlap FR2. To generate system efficiencies, the FR1 and FR2 spectrums can be combined by carrier aggregation (CA) and/or dual connectivity (DC). Thus, a hybrid approach can combine use of both CA and DC, based on radio access network instructions and radio frequency conditions experienced by a user equipment device as it transitions between CA and DC coverage areas.

A wireless communication device is provided which allows proper management of location information for a terminal moving in the air to reduce the power consumption of the terminal and to prevent the terminal from affecting communication. A wireless communication device is provided which includes a determination unit that determines whether the device is a device moving on the ground or a device moving in the air, a neighboring cell determination unit that determines whether or not identification information of a paging area acquired through common information transmitted from a base station is the same as identification information of a paging area for which an update was performed last time when the determination unit determines that the device is moving in the air, and a control unit that determines presence or absence of need for a paging area update on the basis of a condition for initiating a paging area update when the determination unit determines that the device is moving in the air.

A cell reselection method, including: receiving a system message by a terminal, where the system message includes network slice information of a network slice supported by a neighbor cell; and performing cell reselection according to the network slice information.

A message receiving method and a message receiving apparatus, a message sending method and a message sending apparatus, a device and a storage medium are provided. The message receiving method includes: sending by the first network element a request message to a second network element, where the request message is used to indicate the second network element to send a request acknowledgement message; receiving the request acknowledgement message sent by the second network element, where the request acknowledgement message carries grid information of a target cell; and updating grid information of the first network element according to the grid information of the target cell carried in the request acknowledgement message.

Examples of this disclosure include a method performed by a wireless device for determining security keys. The method comprises, for each candidate primary secondary cell (PSCell) of a plurality of candidate PSCells for conditional addition or conditional change by the wireless device for dual connectivity, receiving, from a network node, a respective value associated with the candidate PSCell, wherein the value associated with the candidate PSCell is different to the value associated with at least one other candidate PSCell. The method also comprises determining, for each of at least one candidate PSCell of the plurality of candidate PSCells, a respective security key for communications between the wireless device and the candidate PSCell, wherein the respective security key is determined based on a master key and the respective value associated with the candidate PSCell.

A handover method and a communication apparatus. A terminal device receives a first message, where the first message includes information about N candidate cells, the N candidate cells include N1 candidate cells and N2 candidate cells, the N1 candidate cells include a cell for which no conditional handover CHO execution condition information is configured, the N2 candidate cells include a cell for which the CHO execution condition information is configured, N and N2 are integers greater than 1 or equal to 1, and N1 is an integer greater than 0 or equal to 0. In a process of attempting to hand over from the source cell to the target cell, the terminal device maintains an RRC connection and/or data transmission with the source cell. Therefore, handover reliability is improved, a handover latency is reduced, and overall system performance is improved.

The present disclosure relates to methods and communication apparatus for providing a network slice. In one example method where an access network device accessed by a terminal device does not support a network slice requested by the terminal device, the terminal device sends a network slice identifier, corresponding to a protocol data unit (PDU) session, to the access network device by including the network slice identifier in an radio resource control (RRC) message. The access network device may learn of the network slice identifier, and when the access network device does not support the network slice, search, in an access network device corresponding to a neighboring cell, for a target second access network device that supports the network slice.

Systems and methods for cell ID disambiguation are described. In one embodiment, a method may be disclosed for constructing a neighbor table, comprising: receiving, at a mobile base station, a physical cell identifier (PCI) of a detected neighbor base station from a user equipment (UE); receiving a global positioning system (GPS) position of the mobile base station; and associating the GPS position of the mobile base station with the PCI of the detected neighbor base station in a neighbor table.