The present disclosure provides a terminal that comprises: a call setup unit, for carrying out a voice call setup procedure on the first communication network if a call request is received when data service is being carried out by using the first communication network; an interaction unit, for receiving circuit resource information of the second communication network required for establishing voice service corresponding to the call request; a processing unit, for sending an answer response to a mobility management entity, disconnecting the data service of the first communication network according to the received voice fallback information, and establishing voice service of the second communication network by using the received circuit resource information, if it is detected that an answer button of the terminal is selected after the voice call setup procedure is completed. Correspondingly, the present disclosure also provides a mobility management entity, a mobile switching center, a service processing method and a service processing system. By means of the present technical solution, whether to carry out a circuit domain fallback is determined according to whether a user answers a call, so that the data service is not affected when the user does not answer the call.

The present disclosure relates to user plane bearer setup methods and devices to switch data from a control plane solution to a user plane solution. In one example method, a serving gateway receives indication information sent by a mobility management entity, and allocates an identifier to a bearer according to the indication information to set up an S1 interface user plane bearer.

Techniques are described herein for handling handover requests from a user device. The techniques include receiving a handover request from a user device connected to a first access network and identifying an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) serving the user device. The user device provides to the ePDG, measurement reports indicating network conditions. The techniques further include receiving the measurement report from the ePDG and determining whether a measurement in the measurement report is above a predetermined threshold. If the measurement is above the predetermined threshold, the handover request is accepted to enable the user device to connect to a second access network.

The identification of a user device as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) may cause the wireless communication network to implement certain operations. A user device communicating with a wireless communication network may be determined to be an UAV based on one or more behavior characteristics of the user device. Accordingly, a base station handover threshold for the UAV may be modified to prolong a communication duration of the UAV with a base station when a decrease in signal strength or an increase in signal interference of a signal provided by the base station occurs. The base station handover threshold is a threshold for determining when to handover communication between the UAV and the wireless communication network from the base station to an additional base station. The modification of base station handover threshold reduces a handover rate of the UAV between multiple base stations of the wireless communication network.

Example communication methods and apparatus are described. In one example method, a first access network device obtains core network load information, where the core network load information indicates at least one of load of a first core network element or load of a second core network element. The first access network device determines, from the first core network element and the second core network element based on the core network load information, a core network element serving a terminal device.

In one illustrative example, a user plane (UP) entity for use in a mobile network may receive a data packet from a user equipment (UE) operative to communicate in one or more sessions via a serving base station (BS) (e.g. eNB or gNB) of the mobile network. The UP entity may detect, in a header (e.g. SRH) of the data packet, an identifier indicating a new serving BS or session of the UE. The identifier may be UE- or BS-added data (e.g. iOAM data) that is inserted in the header by the UE or BS. In response, the UP entity may cause a message to be sent to an analytics function (e.g. a NWDAF) to perform analytics for session or flow migration for the UE.

A wireless access node detects a fault and scans for a wireless Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) service. A network controller also detects the fault and signals a neighbor access node to initiate the wireless IAB service. The wireless access node wirelessly exchanges fault data with the neighbor access node over the wireless TAB service. The neighbor access node exchanges the fault data with the network controller in response to the signaling. The wireless access node recovers from the fault in response to the fault data.

A system, method and computer-readable medium for concurrent support of Voice Call Continuity (VCC) capabilities in both the enterprise space and the carrier space are provided. The enterprise VCC functionality is used when the user is located in the enterprise domain which does not impact the carrier's network while the carrier VCC capability is used when the user is located in the carrier domain to support seamless handover between the wireless networks that the carrier may offer. The carrier VCC anchoring point and the enterprise VCC anchoring point may communicate with each other to confirm and inform the other anchoring point that a call handover is occurring or will occur.

The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for flexible, security context management during AMF changes. One aspect of the disclosure is a mechanism for achieving backward security during AMF changes. Instead of passing the current NAS key to the target AMF, the source AMF derives a new NAS key, provides the new NAS key to the target AMF, and sends a key change indication to the UE, either directly or through some other network node. The UE can then derive the new NAS key from the old NAS key. In some embodiments, the AMF may provide a key generation parameter to the UE to use in deriving the new NAS key. In other embodiments, the target AMF may change one or more security algorithms.

A mobile edge computing (MEC) architecture can facilitate utilization of virtual multi-point non-internet protocol (IP) connections in radio access networks (RAN). Thus, the same mobile device can be addressed with multiple radio access technologies (RATs). The MEC can provide service continuity in multi-access technologies using virtual session, and the MEC can terminate a main session between a core network and the MEC, for the mobile device, via a single IP address, Based on the services and the states of the access network in the multi-access environment, the MEC can dynamically select the RAT and access point as the target to deliver the service over the RAN.