There are provided mechanisms for beam forming using an antenna array comprising dual polarized elements. A method comprises generating one or two beam ports. The one or two beam ports are defined by combining at least two non-overlapping subarrays. Each subarray has two subarray ports. The two subarray ports have identical power patterns and mutually orthogonal polarizations. The at least two non-overlapping subarrays are combined via expansion weights. The expansion weights and map the one or two beam ports to subarray ports such that the one or two beam ports have the same power pattern as the subarrays. At least some of the expansion weights have identical non-zero magnitude and are related in phase to form a transmission lobe. The method comprises transmitting signals using said one or two beam ports.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for differential power parameter reporting in multi-panel uplink transmission. A method that may be performed by a user equipment (UE) includes determining a first transmit power control parameter associated with a first panel of the UE and a differential transmit power control parameter to be used to indicate a second transmit power control parameter associated with a second panel of the UE, the differential transmit power control parameter indicating a difference between the first transmit power control parameter and the second transmit power control parameter generating a reporting message indicating the first transmit power control parameter and the differential transmit power control parameter; and transmitting the reporting message to a base station.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for differential power parameter reporting in multi-panel uplink transmission. A method that may be performed by a user equipment (UE) includes determining a first transmit power control parameter associated with a first panel of the UE and a differential transmit power control parameter to be used to indicate a second transmit power control parameter associated with a second panel of the UE, the differential transmit power control parameter indicating a difference between the first transmit power control parameter and the second transmit power control parameter generating a reporting message indicating the first transmit power control parameter and the differential transmit power control parameter; and transmitting the reporting message to a base station.

A transmitter of the present disclosure includes: an output terminal; a driver that performs transition of a voltage of the output terminal among a plurality of voltages; and a controller that controls the driver to cause transition start timing in one voltage transition in voltage transition among the plurality of voltages to be later than transition start timing in another voltage transition.

A transmitter of the present disclosure includes: an output terminal; a driver that performs transition of a voltage of the output terminal among a plurality of voltages; and a controller that controls the driver to cause transition start timing in one voltage transition in voltage transition among the plurality of voltages to be later than transition start timing in another voltage transition.

The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5.sup.th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for RACH re-attempt, a user equipment and a base station. The method comprises the steps of: by a base station, determining system configuration information and transmitting the system configuration information to a user equipment; and then, by the user equipment, transmitting a preamble sequence to perform random access, and if the random access is failed, performing RACH attempt according to the received RACH re-attempt configuration information to perform random access until a preset decision condition is satisfied. The embodiment of the present invention is used for RACH re-attempt when random access fails.

The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5.sup.th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for RACH re-attempt, a user equipment and a base station. The method comprises the steps of: by a base station, determining system configuration information and transmitting the system configuration information to a user equipment; and then, by the user equipment, transmitting a preamble sequence to perform random access, and if the random access is failed, performing RACH attempt according to the received RACH re-attempt configuration information to perform random access until a preset decision condition is satisfied. The embodiment of the present invention is used for RACH re-attempt when random access fails.

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses. The method implemented at a wireless device may comprise computing an average power for a bin covering a portion of a total solid angle covered by an antenna array of the wireless device by averaging a momentary power for the bin over a time period, wherein the momentary power is computed based on respective scheduled power of at least one beamforming transmission and respective antenna gain of the at least one beamforming transmission in the bin (302, 606, 702, 802, 902, 1002). The method may further comprise performing a back-off power feedback control for the bin based on the computed average power (304, 608, 708, 808, 908, 1006).

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses. The method implemented at a wireless device may comprise computing an average power for a bin covering a portion of a total solid angle covered by an antenna array of the wireless device by averaging a momentary power for the bin over a time period, wherein the momentary power is computed based on respective scheduled power of at least one beamforming transmission and respective antenna gain of the at least one beamforming transmission in the bin (302, 606, 702, 802, 902, 1002). The method may further comprise performing a back-off power feedback control for the bin based on the computed average power (304, 608, 708, 808, 908, 1006).

[Problem] Provided is an interference protection mechanism for communications using a transmit beam in a sidelink. [Solution] A terminal device capable of communication using any communication method classified as vehicle-to-x (V2X) includes: an acquisition unit that acquires first information relating to allocation of a resource pool that can be used by a plurality of terminal devices using the communication method and second information relating to transmit power which is associated with a beam ID of one or a plurality of transmit beams which the terminal devices use in communication using the communication method; a parameter determination unit that determines parameters relating to the transmit beams on the basis of the first information and the second information; and a transmission processing unit that performs packet transmission processing using the communication method on the basis of the determined parameters.